| Training set | Testing set | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No-CHF (n = 738) | HFpEF (n = 59) | P value | No-CHF (n = 139) | HFpEF (n = 32) | P value | |
Male | 268 (36.3) | 30 (50.8) | 0.037 | 100 (71.9) | 21 (65.6) | 0.62 |
Age, years | 64.0 ± 7.93 | 73.3 ± 7.84 |  < 0.001 | 68.6 ± 8.48 | 76.8 ± 7.73 |  < 0.001 |
Smoking | 63 (8.5) | 3 (5.1) | 0.496 | 5 (3.6) | 2 (6.2) | 0.85 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.9 ± 5.20 | 30.1 ± 5.97 | 0.004 | 28.4 ± 4.18 | 30.5 ± 5.92 | 0.041 |
Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL†| 104 ± 21.8 | 118 ± 36.7 |  < 0.001 | 110 ± 26.7 | 111 ± 24.8 | 0.52 |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL†| 112 ± 30.5 | 100 ± 23.6 | 0.011 | 95.2 ± 29.8 | 87.4 ± 28.4 | 0.36 |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 58.6 ± 16.9 | 52.6 ± 16.5 | 0.007 | 53.7 ± 14.4 | 47.2 ± 16.9 | 0.0087 |
Average diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 74.3 ± 9.56 | 71.3 ± 11.3 | 0.044 | 73.2 ± 10.2 | 64.0 ± 10.6 |  < 0.001 |
Average systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 127 ± 16.6 | 137 ± 16.9 |  < 0.001 | 130 ± 16.5 | 133 ± 23.7 | 0.49 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 194 ± 36.4 | 177 ± 29.9 | 0.002 | 170 ± 34.5 | 159 ± 44.9 | 0.089 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 116 ± 60.1 | 122 ± 54.9 | 0.22 | 109 ± 56.7 | 115 ± 94.9 | 0.63 |
Creatinine serum, mg/dL†| 0.87 ± 0.20 | 1.13 ± 0.73 |  < 0.001 | 0.986 ± 0.24 | 1.38 ± 1.13 | 0.069 |
Creatinine urine, mg/100 mL†| 101 ± 60.5 | 108 ± 56.8 | 0.25 | 113 ± 79.4 | 104 ± 62.3 | 0.92 |
Albuminuria urine, mg/L†| 11.2 ± 38.5 | 93.0 ± 255 |  < 0.001 | 11.6 ± 21.5 | 116 ± 240 |  < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin A1c, whole blood, % | 5.66 ± 0.61 | 5.99 ± 1.19 | 0.017 | 5.79 ± 0.844 | 6.14 ± 0.96 | 0.011 |
C reactive protein, mg/L†| 3.24 ± 6.91 | 3.82 ± 4.19 | 0.004 | 2.06 ± 2.02 | 5.33 ± 9.62 | 0.0012 |
Ejection fraction, % †| 66.6 ± 5.14 | 66.1 ± 6.57 | 0.85 | 65.6 ± 5.24 | 67.3 ± 7.44 | 0.13 |
Ventricular rate per minute by ECG, beats/min | 62.1 ± 10.0 | 63.5 ± 10.1 | 0.22 | 59.7 ± 9.46 | 59.7 ± 13.0 | 0.85 |
Atrial fibrillation | 14 (1.9) | 6 (10.2) |  < 0.001 | 16 (11.5) | 21 (65.6) |  < 0.001 |
Stroke | 2 (0.3) | 1 (1.7) | 0.54 | 15 (10.8) | 7 (21.9) | 0.16 |
Left ventricular hypertrophy†| 5 (0.7) | 2 (3.4) | 0.15 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
Atrial enlargement†| 8 (1.1) | 4 (6.8) | 0.003 | 6 (4.3) | 2 (6.2) | 1 |
Coronary heart disease | 17 (2.3) | 9 (15.3) |  < 0.001 | 45 (32.4) | 16 (50.0) | 0.095 |
Myocardial infarction | 3 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 1 | 24 (17.3) | 7 (21.9) | 0.72 |
Right ventricular hypertrophy‡ | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
Aspirin | 239 (32.4) | 31 (52.5) | 0.003 | 89 (64.0) | 21 (65.6) | 1 |
Folic acid | 30 (4.1) | 6 (10.2) | 0.065 | 11 (7.9) | 4 (12.5) | 0.631 |
Statin | 220 (29.8) | 24 (40.7) | 0.11 | 94 (67.6) | 21 (65.6) | 0.993 |
Thiazides | 86 (11.7) | 9 (15.3) | 0.54 | 22 (15.8) | 7 (21.9) | 0.575 |
Diuretics | 17 (2.3) | 12 (20.3) |  < 0.001 | 4 (2.9) | 10 (31.2) |  < 0.001 |
Potassium | 21 (2.8) | 2 (3.4) | 1 | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 1 |
Aldosterone | 6 (0.8) | 1 (1.7) | 1 | 10 (7.2) | 4 (12.5) | 0.529 |
Amiodarone | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
Omega 3 | 73 (9.9) | 4 (6.8) | 0.583 | 24 (17.3) | 3 (9.4) | 0.404 |
Vasodilators | 6 (0.8) | 1 (1.7) | 1 | 10 (7.2) | 4 (12.5) | 0.529 |
Co-Q 10 | 18 (2.4) | 1 (1.7) | 1 | 4 (2.9) | 1 (3.1) | 1 |
ß-blocker | 128 (17.3) | 23 (39.0) |  < 0.001 | 61 (43.9) | 20 (62.5) | 0.0882 |
Angiotensin II antagonists | 41 (5.6) | 10 (16.9) | 0.002 | 12 (8.6) | 5 (15.6) | 0.388 |
ACEI | 133 (18.0) | 19 (32.2) | 0.013 | 52 (37.4) | 15 (46.9) | 0.431 |
Warfarin | 13 (1.8) | 3 (5.1) | 0.204 | 4 (2.9) | 3 (9.4) | 0.239 |
Clopidogrel | 4 (0.5) | 1 (1.7) | 0.824 | 9 (6.5) | 6 (18.8) | 0.062 |