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Table 2 Associations of progesterone and methylation level of SOCS3 (Chr17:76356190 and Chr17:76356199) with T2DM

From: Combined effects of progesterone and SOCS3 DNA methylation on T2DM: a case–control study

Variables

ORs (95% CIs)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Progesterone

   

Men

   

 Continuous

3.37 (2.34, 4.87)*

3.23 (2.18, 4.77)*

2.77 (1.79, 4.29)*

 T1 (≤ 0.76)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 T2 (0.76–1.21)

1.56 (0.91, 2.67)

1.44 (0.83, 2.51)

1.50 (0.82, 2.72)

 T3 (> 1.21)

5.39 (3.21, 9.05)*

5.08 (2.94, 8.78)*

3.88 (2.11, 7.15)*

 P-trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Postmenopausal women

   

 Continuous

2.40 (1.67, 3.44)*

2.38 (1.65, 3.43)*

1.85 (1.26, 2.72)*

 T1 (≤ 0.78)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 T2 (0.78 ~ 1.17)

2.25 (1.35, 3.76)*

2.33 (1.38, 3.93)*

1.85 (1.03, 3.34)*

 T3 (> 1.17)

4.80 (2.90, 7.94)*

4.78 (2.85, 8.01)*

3.24 (1.79, 5.85)*

 P-trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Methylation of SOCS3 (Chr17:76356,190)

   

Men

   

 Continuous

0.58 (0.41, 0.82)*

0.62 (0.43, 0.89)*

0.58 (0.39, 0.86)*

 T1 (≤ 0.76)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 T2 (0.76–1.08)

1.01 (0.64, 1.60)

1.06 (0.66, 1.72)

1.05 (0.62, 1.78)

 T3 (> 1.08)

0.39 (0.23, 0.64)*

0.41 (0.25, 0.70)*

0.39 (0.22, 0.70)*

 P-trend

 < 0.001

0.001

0.002

Postmenopausal women

   

 Continuous

0.43 (0.30, 0.63)*

0.42 (0.28, 0.61)*

0.43 (0.29, 0.65)*

 T1 (≤ 0.75)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 T2 (0.75–1.04)

1.00 (0.64, 1.56)

0.98 (0.62, 1.55)

1.17 (0.69, 1.98)

 T3 (> 1.04)

0.46 (0.28, 0.74)*

0.45 (0.27, 0.74)*

0.51 (0.29, 0.89)*

 P-trend

0.002

0.002

0.023

Methylation of SOCS3 (Chr17:76356199)

   

Men

   

 Continuous

0.31 (0.18, 0.54)*

0.32 (0.18, 0.57)*

0.27 (0.14, 0.51)*

 T1 (≤ 0.76)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 T2 (0.76–1.08)

0.62 (0.39, 0.99)*

0.55 (0.34, 0.90)*

0.49 (0.28, 0.84)*

 T3 (> 1.08)

0.43 (0.26, 0.69)*

0.42 (0.25, 0.70)*

0.39 (0.22, 0.68)*

 P-trend

0.001

0.001

0.001

Postmenopausal women

   

 Continuous

0.46 (0.27, 0.79)*

0.45 (0.26, 0.80)*

0.53 (0.28, 0.99)*

 T1 (≤ 0.75)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 T2 (0.75–1.04)

0.98 (0.63, 1.54)

1.03 (0.65, 1.62)

1.09 (0.65, 1.84)

 T3 (> 1.04)

0.54 (0.33, 0.86)*

0.51 (0.31, 0.82)*

0.60 (0.34, 1.04)

 P-trend

0.011

0.008

0.081

  1. Model 1: no adjust
  2. Model 2: adjusted for age, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, and family history of T2DM
  3. Model 3: Model 2 + BMI, PP, TC, and TG
  4. CIs, confidence intervals; ORs, odds ratios; SOCS3, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; T: tertiles
  5. *P < 0.05
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Clinical Epigenetics

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