Skip to main content

Table 1 Basic characteristics of the study population among men and postmenopausal women

From: Combined effects of progesterone and SOCS3 DNA methylation on T2DM: a case–control study

Variables

Men

Postmenopausal women

Control

T2DM

P

Control

T2DM

P

Subjects, n

286

157

 

299

172

 

Age (years)

61.00 (54.00, 65.00)

61.00 (54.00, 65.00)

0.653

63.00 (58.00, 66.00)

63.00 (58.00, 66.00)

0.845

Marital status, n (%)

  

0.912

  

0.354

Married/cohabiting

256 (89.5)

140 (89.2)

 

259 (86.6)

154 (89.5)

 

Widowed/single/divorced/separation

30 (10.5)

17 (10.8)

 

40 (13.4)

18 (10.5)

 

Smoking status, n (%)

  

0.019

  

1.000

Never smoking

102 (35.7)

53 (33.8)

 

298 (99.7)

172 (100.0)

 

Give up smoking

44 (15.4)

41 (26.1)

 

0

0

 

Smoking now

140 (49.0)

63 (40.1)

 

1 (0.3)

0

 

Drinking status, n (%)

  

0.005

  

1.000

Never drinking

170 (59.4)

70 (44.6)

 

292 (97.7)

168 (97.7)

 

Stop drinking

38 (13.3)

22 (14.0)

 

0

0

 

Drinking now

78 (27.3)

65 (41.4)

 

7 (2.3)

4 (2.3)

 

More vegetable and fruit intake, n (%)

186 (65.0)

104 (66.2)

0.798

190 (63.5)

105 (61.0)

0.589

Physical activity, n (%)

  

0.664

  

0.121

Low

83 (29.0)

52 (33.1)

 

64 (21.4)

50 (29.1)

 

Mediate

101 (35.3)

53 (33.8)

 

161 (53.8)

89 (51.7)

 

High

102 (35.7)

52 (33.1)

 

74 (24.7)

33 (19.2)

 

Level of education, n (%)

  

0.189

  

0.648

 ≤ Primary school

124 (43.4)

58 (36.9)

 

206 (68.9)

115 (66.9)

 

Junior secondary and above

162 (56.6)

99 (63.1)

 

93 (31.1)

57 (33.1)

 

Family history of T2DM, n (%)

5 (1.7)

12 (7.6)

0.002

1 (0.3)

10 (5.8)

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

22.89 (20.94, 25.14)

25.83 (23.51, 29.16)

 < 0.001

23.08 (21.30, 25.45)

27.19 (23.83, 29.09)

 < 0.001

PP (mmHg)

44.50 (40.00, 51.00)

47.00 (42.00, 55.00)

0.025

50.00 (42.00, 57.00)

54.00 (46.00, 62.00)

0.001

TC (mmol/L)

4.44 (3.93, 4.94)

4.53 (4.00, 5.30)

0.184

4.85 (0.82)

5.05 (1.02)

0.028

TG (mmol/L)

1.39 (0.96, 2.16)

1.71 (1.19, 2.89)

 < 0.001

1.54 (1.13, 2.34)

1.97 (1.42, 2.91)

 < 0.001

FPG (mmol/L)

5.01 (4.69, 5.40)

8.25 (7.27, 10.34)

 < 0.001

5.17 (0.58)

8.10 (7.29, 10.12)

 < 0.001

INS (pmol/L)

82.09 (64.03, 106.19)

92.65 (69.24, 125.77)

0.001

85.42 (67.85, 108.52)

108.45 (83.51, 147.30)

 < 0.001

HbA1c (%)

5.50 (5.30, 5.80)

7.50 (6.60, 9.10)

 < 0.001

5.60 (5.30, 5.80)

7.60 (6.70, 9.05)

 < 0.001

Methylation level of SOCS3 (Chr17:76356190) (%), mean ± SD

0.99 (0.67, 1.60)

0.79 (0.61, 1.03)

 < 0.001

0.92 (0.63, 1.55)

0.77 (0.54, 1.05)

 < 0.001

Methylation level of SOCS3 (Chr17:76356199) (%), mean ± SD

0.98 (0.72, 1.31)

0.82 (0.58, 1.03)

 < 0.001

0.90(0.69, 1.17)

0.82 (0.66, 1.04)

0.014

Progesterone (ng/ml)

0.83 (0.56, 1.16)

1.29 (0.82, 1.77)

 < 0.001

0.86 (0.62, 1.17)

1.16 (0.92, 1.64)

 < 0.001

  1. Values are presented as mean (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and number (percentage) for categorical variables
  2. P values calculated using t tests or Mann–Whitney U tests and Chi-square tests
  3. BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; INS, insulin; PP, pulse pressure; SD, standard deviations; SOCS3, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
  4. *P < 0.05 compared with control