Fig. 3

Associations between frailty and different epigenetic clock measures. Frailty at a baseline and b after 3-year follow-up was regressed on standardized delta age estimates using gamma regression, each of which is in separate models. For both panels, model 1 represents estimates adjusted for age and sex, while model 2 represents estimates adjusted for age, sex, education, income, smoking, diet and physical activity; for b, both models were also adjusted for frailty at baseline. Beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are shown, and the dotted red line indicates no association