Childhood growth and development and DNA methylation age in mid-life

Clinical Epigenetics

Table 4 DNAm age acceleration at 45 years, conditional growth between 7 and 16 years and pubertal timing in the National Child and Development Study

	N	AgeAccelHannum		AgeAccelHorvath		AgeAccelLevine		AgeAccelGrim
	N	Coefficient (95% CI)	P value	Coefficient (95% CI)	P valve	Coefficient (95% CI)	P value	Coefficient (95% CI)	P value
Conditional growth
RWG between 7 and 16 years	240	− 0.04 (− 0.48, 0.39)	0.84	0.23 (− 0.25, 0.70)	0.35	0.20 (− 0.47, 0.86)	0.56	0.57 (− 0.01, 1.16)	0.06
Pubertal timing
Women
Age at menarche (years)*	112	− 0.21 (− 0.76, 0.33)	0.44	− 0.20 (− 0.77, 0.38)	0.50	− 0.21 (− 0.94, 0.53)	0.58	− 0.08 (− 0.71, 0.55)	0.80
Age at menarche
< 12 years	12	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
≥ 12 years	100	− 0.77 (− 3.02, 1.47)	0.50	− 0.71 (− 3.07, 1.65)	0.55	− 1.06 (− 4.07, 1.96)	0.49	− 0.01 (− 2.61, 2.58)	0.99
Men: Pubertal status at 16 years
Fully mature**	13	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Later puberty	99	0.08 (− 1.77, 1.93)	0.93	− 0.002 (− 2.050, 2.047)	1.00	− 0.99 (− 4.29, 2.31)	0.55	− 1.50 (− 4.38, 1.39)	0.31

Adjusted for sex. RWG: Relative weight gain, i.e. standardised residuals from regression of weight z-score at 16 years on weight and height z-scores at 7 years and height z-score at 16 years. CLG: Conditional linear growth, i.e. standardised residuals from regression of height z-score at 16 years on height and weight z-scores at 7 years
*Those starting after 16 years coded as ≥ 16 years
**Fully mature group are the group who experienced the earliest pubertal timing

ISSN: 1868-7083