Childhood growth and development and DNA methylation age in mid-life

Clinical Epigenetics

Table 3 DNAm age acceleration at 53 years and pubertal timing

	N	AgeAccelHannum		AgeAccelHorvath		AgeAccelLevine		AgeAccelGrim
	N	Coefficient (95% CI)	P value	Coefficient (95% CI)	P value	Coefficient (95% CI)	P value	Coefficient (95% CI)	P value
Women
Age at menarche (years)	617	0.07 (− 0.18, 0.32)	0.59	0.04 (− 0.20, 0.29)	0.73	− 0.02 (− 0.37, 0.33)	0.91	0.22 (− 0.08, 0.53)	0.15
Age at menarche
< 12 years	96	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
≥ 12 years	521	0.37 (− 0.49, 1.23)	0.40	0.27 (− 0.57, 1.11)	0.53	0.73 (− 0.48, 1.94)	0.24	1.20 (0.15, 2.24)	0.03***
Men: Pubertal status at 14–15 years
Fully mature*	172	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Advanced puberty	211	0.17 (− 0.70, 1.03)	0.56**	− 0.36 (− 1.20, 0.48)	0.83**	0.95 (− 0.17, 2.08)	0.08**	− 0.29 (− 1.33, 0.75)	0.93**
Early puberty	200	0.39 (− 0.48, 1.27)		− 0.18 (− 1.03, 0.66)		0.50 (− 0.64, 1.64)		− 0.05 (− 1.10, 1.00)
Pre-pubertal	73	− 0.40 (− 1.57, 0.77)		− 0.39 (− 1.54, 0.75)		− 0.83 (− 2.36, 0.70)		− 0.30 (− 1.71, 1.11)
Fully mature	172	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Later puberty	484	0.18 (− 0.57, 0.92)	0.64	− 0.29 (− 1.02, 0.43)	0.43	0.50 (− 0.48, 1.47)	0.32	− 0.19 (− 1.09, 0.70)	0.67

Adjusted for age in months at 53 years. *Fully mature group are the group who experienced the earliest pubertal timing
**P value from latest comparing models with and without categorical puberty variable
***P = 1.0 after Bonferroni correction

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