Fig. 3

Promoter DNA methylation and gene expression of the androgen receptor (AR) during prostate cancer disease progression. A Methylation beta levels at individual CpGs in the AR promoter region for non-malignant (N, n = 12), primary tumor (T, n = 12) and metastasis samples with (M, n = 42) and without (n = 24) AR amplification, as well as mean N/T/M methylation levels. AR amplification status was defined according to copy number analysis performed based on signal intensity data from the HumanMethylationEPIC arrays, as described in the method section. Each CpG is shown as a dot, and specified in Additional file 7: Table S4. Red dots represent CpGs within the TSS200 region close to the two alternative transcription start sites, black dots represent CpGs within the TSS1500 promoter region and the green dots CpGs within the 5′UTR region. B Box plots of mean methylation beta values in the N/T/M group of the two differently methylated CpG (DM-CpG) sites (Illumina ID cg01218690 and cg13873881) within the AR. C Relative AR mRNA levels (transcript variant corresponding to full length AR) and AR activity scores in the corresponding tissue samples, calculated based on Illumina Bead Chip arrays data as described in the methods section and analyzed in relation to the AR amplification status given in 3A. ***P < 0.001, # = DM-CpG