Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of 275 Gen3G mother–child pairs included in this study

Mother

 Age (year)

28.5 (4.2)

 Height (cm)

164.8 (6.4)

 Weight (kg)

69.3 (15.6)

 Body mass index (BMI; kg/m²)

25.5 (5.7)

Parity

 Being primiparous

132 (48.0)

 Gestational diabetes mellitus^†

23 (8.4)

 Insulin therapy

9 (3.3)

 Dietary intervention

14 (5.1)

 Smoking (at 1^st trimester)

 Currently smoking

21 (7.6)

Child

 Gestational age at birth (week)

39.5 (1.0)

 Male

150 (54.5)

 Birthweight (kg)

3.4 (0.4)

 Height (cm) at age 3^*

96.9 (4.4)

 Weight (kg) at age 3

15.2 (1.9)

 BMI (kg/m²) at age 3^*

16.2 (1.6)

Estimated cord blood cell type proportions (%)

 B-cell

9.5 (3.0)

 CD4+ T-cell

15.8 (5.3)

 CD8+ T-cell

12.6 (3.4)

 Granulocyte

39.9 (9.2)

 Monocyte

9.0 (2.6)

 Natural killer cell

2.0 (2.6)

 Nucleated red blood cell

11.2 (5.9)