Table 2 Risks of all-cause mortality associated with a standard deviation increase in epigenetic age acceleration

AA_Horvath

Model 1^∞

1.02 (0.86–1.20)

1.05 (0.73–1.51)

0.66 (0.31–1.41)

1.22 (0.79–1.87)

Model 1 + education

1.00 (0.85–1.19)

1.00 (0.69–1.45)

0.69 (0.32–1.46)

1.14 (0.73–1.78)

Model 1 + smoking pack-years

1.01 (0.85–1.19)

0.98 (0.68–1.43)

0.67 (0.31–1.44)

1.09 (0.70–1.69)

Model 1 + BMI

1.04 (0.88–1.23)

1.05 (0.73–1.51)

0.71 (0.33–1.53)

1.22 (0.80–1.88)

Model 1 + physical activity

1.04 (0.89–1.22)

1.10 (0.76–1.60)

0.72 (0.32–1.59)

1.48 (0.91–2.41)

Model 1 + lifestyle factors^α

1.05 (0.89–1.23)

1.02 (0.69–1.50)

0.82 (0.33–1.99)

1.32 (0.79–2.18)

Model 2^µ

1.04 (0.88–1.23)

0.98 (0.66–1.46)

0.85 (0.35–2.08)

1.22 (0.73–2.05)

Model 2 + chronic diseases

1.07 (0.90–1.27)

0.97 (0.65–1.45)

0.85 (0.35–2.07)

1.20 (0.71–2.03)

AA_GrimAge

Model 1^∞

1.31 (1.13–1.53)

1.50 (1.02–2.20)

1.37 (0.74–2.55)

1.59 (0.97–2.60)

Model 1 + education

1.29 (1.09–1.52)

1.51 (1.00–2.28)

1.39 (0.74–2.62)

1.65 (0.95–2.86)

Model 1 + smoking pack-years

1.27 (1.05–1.54)

1.29 (0.84–1.99)

1.16 (0.57–2.39)

1.34 (0.78–2.32)

Model 1 + BMI

1.31 (1.13–1.52)

1.52 (1.03–2.25)

1.61 (0.82–3.16)

1.59 (0.97–2.59)

Model 1 + physical activity

1.31(1.13–1.52)

1.59 (1.07–2.38)

1.83 (0.88–3.79)

1.86 (1.07–3.21)

Model 1 + lifestyle factors^α

1.31 (1.08–1.59)

1.49 (0.93–2.38)

2.20 (0.85–5.67)

1.60 (0.86–2.97)

Model 2^µ

1.28 (1.05–1.55)

1.45 (0.89–2.36)

2.58 (0.91–7.33)

1.52 (0.79–2.93)

Model 2 + chronic diseases

1.24 (1.02–1.51)

1.42 (0.87–2.31)

2.59 (0.91–7.38)

1.40 (0.71–2.76)