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Table 2 Schematic overview of the diagnostic analyses performed for determining molecular biomarkers according to WHO 2016 classification

From: DNA methylation profiling for molecular classification of adult diffuse lower-grade gliomas

Molecular diagnostic biomarkers

Molecular techniques used in clinical diagnostics

Methylation profiling

Tumor grade

Histology

IDHa mutation status

Immunohistochemistry

G-CIMPc

Next-generation sequencing

Sanger sequencing

1p/19q codel.b

Fluorescent in situ hybridization

Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification

Copy number variation profiles

  1. aIDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase gene family
  2. bCodel., complete codeletion of 1p/19q chromosomal arms
  3. cGlioma CpG island methylator phenotype