Development of a prognostic risk model for clear cell renal cell carcinoma by systematic evaluation of DNA methylation markers

Table 1 Hazard ratios for the final model in non-metastatic ccRCC (population-based series)

Marker	Values	Coef	SE	HR (95% CI)	P-value
Age at diagnosis	Continuous (yrs)	0.021	0.023	1.02 (0.98–1.07)	0.36
Gender	Male			1 (ref)
	Female	0.109	0.272	1.11 (0.65–1.90)	0.69
TNM stage^a	I			1 (ref)
	II	0.569	0.638	1.77 (0.51–6.17)	0.37
	III	1.207	0.685	3.34 (0.87–12.79)	0.08
	IV	1.884	0.915	6.58 (1.09–39.57)	0.04
Fuhrman grade	G1			1 (ref)
	G2	-0.112	0.426	0.89 (0.39–2.06)	0.79
	G3	-0.047	0.437	0.95 (0.41–2.25)	0.92
	G4	0.955	0.462	2.60 (1.05–6.43)	0.04
Tumor size	Continuous (mm)	-0.003	0.005	1.00 (0.99–1.01)	0.59
NEFH-ii	U			1 (ref)
	M	-0.002	0.298	1.00 (0.56–1.79)	0.99
NEURL-ii	U			1 (ref)
	M	0.475	0.280	1.61 (0.93–2.78)	0.09
LAD1-ii	U			1 (ref)
	M	0.738	0.258	2.07 (1.25–3.43)	0.01
GREM1-ii	U			1 (ref)
	M	-0.456	0.284	0.64 (0.36–1.11)	0.11
GATA5	U			1 (ref)
	M	0.351	0.283	1.43 (0.82–2.49)	0.20

Coef, coefficient; HR, hazard ratio; M, methylated; ref, reference; SE, standard error; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis; U, unmethylated; yrs, years; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval
^aTNM stage as defined in 1987

ISSN: 1868-7083