Fig. 1

Longitudinal change in cognitive abilities. Estimated trajectories of change in cognitive abilities from the null models (without DNA methylation included; dashed lines) and with DNA methylation one standard deviation above the mean (solid lines) at CpG sites significantly associated with cognitive ability in EWAS analyses. Estimates were obtained from latent growth-curve models, with age (in decades) as the underlying timescale. Age was centered at 65 for all domains, and the models were further adjusted for sex, smoking, and methylation array