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Table 2 Association of maternal cotinine levels with ADHD symptoms

From: DNA methylation of GFI1 as a mediator of the association between prenatal smoking exposure and ADHD symptoms at 6 years: the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children’s Health

 

Crude

OR (95% CI)

Adjusted

OR (95% CI)

Non-smokers

Reference

Reference

Passive smokers

1.33 (0.95, 1.87)

1.17 (0.82, 1.66)

Active smokers

2.04 (1.25, 3.34)

1.89 (1.14, 3.15)

  1. Adjusted for maternal age, family income, maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, parity, child sex, pre-pregnancy BMI
  2. Bold text indicates a statistically significant difference with a p value < 0.05