Table 5 Human canonical and non-canonical linker histones of the H1 family with their chromosomal location, expression and function
From: The dark side of histones: genomic organization and role of oncohistones in cancer
Gene name* | Histone protein codified | Gene chromosomal location | Expression | Function | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canonical H1 linker histones | |||||||
1 | HIST1H1A | H1.1 | 6p22.2 (in histone cluster 1) | Replication-dependent | Linker histone essential for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structured fibers | ||
2 | HIST1H1C | H1.2 | 6p22.2 (in histone cluster 1) | Replication-dependent | Linker histone essential for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structured fibers | ||
3 | HIST1H1D | H1.3 | 6p22.2 (in histone cluster 1) | Replication-dependent | Linker histone essential for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structured fibers | ||
4 | HIST1H1E | H1.4 | 6p22.2 (in histone cluster 1) | Replication-dependent | Linker histone essential for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structured fibers | ||
5 | HIST1H1B | H1.5 | 6p22.1 (in histone cluster 1) | Replication-dependent | Linker histone essential for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structured fibers | ||
6 | HIST1H1T (or H1-6) | H1t (or H1.6)§ | 6p22.2 (in histone cluster 1) | Replication-dependent and tissue-specific (testis-specific) | Formation of more relaxed chromatin | [45] | |
Non-canonical linker histone H1 | |||||||
1 | H1FNT (or H1-7) | H1t2 (or H1.7) | 12q13.11 | Replication-independent and tissue-specific (testis-specific) | Required for spermatid elongation and DNA condensation during spermiogenesis (essential for normal spermatogenesis and male fertility) | [46] | |
2 | H1FOO (or H1-8) | H1oo (or H1.8) | 3q22.1 | Replication-independent and tissue-specific (oocyte-specific) | Regulation of gene expression during oogenesis and early embryogenesis | [47] | |
3 | HILS1 (or H1-9) | H1.9 | 17q21.33 | Replication-independent and tissue-specific (testis-specific) | Involvement in chromatin remodeling during mammalian spermiogenesis | [48] | |
4 | H1FX (or H1-10) | H1x (or H1.10) | 3q21.3 | Replication-independent | Required for mitotic progression | [49] | |
5 | H1-0 | H1.0 | 22q13.1 | Replication-independent | Required for the terminal stages of differentiation | ||