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Table 1 Study descriptives

From: DNA methylation biomarker for cumulative lead exposure is associated with Parkinson’s disease

Demographic variable

SGPD

PEG

PD (n = 959)

Control (n = 930)

PD (n = 569)

Control (n = 238)

Continuous variables: mean (SD)

 Age*

66.5 (9.1)

64.9 (10.4)

70.5 (9.8)

67.5 (12.8)

 European fractional ancestry

NA

0.87 (0.27)

0.92 (0.18)

 meanMethBySample

0.26 (0.01)

0.27 (0.01)

0.29 (0.01)

0.29 (0.01)

 DNAm tibia-lead

2.57 (0.41)

2.46 (0.49)

2.65 (0.54)

2.52 (0.52)

 DNAm patella-lead

3.41 (0.4)

3.48 (0.4)

3.06 (0.4)

3.03 (0.3)

Categorical variables: n (%)

 Male

611 (63.7)

428 (46.0)

356 (62.6)

127 (53.4)

 Former smoker

NA

240 (42.4)

125 (52.5)

 Current smoker

25 (4.2)

17 (7.1)

  1. *For SGPD, age was not provided in the GEO data. To account for age, we therefore generated the epigenetic age based on the Horvath epigenetic clock (DNAmAge, highly correlated with chronologic age R > 0.9 in other studies of older adults)
  2. NA: All participants with SGPD methylation data are of European ancestry (11). Smoking status data not available for SGPD via data not provided in GEO