Differential methylation EPIC analysis discloses cisplatin-resistance related hypermethylation and tumor-specific heterogeneity within matched primary and metastatic testicular germ cell tumor patient tissue samples

Table 1 Clinicopathological characterization of the samples included in the work

Sample	Patient	Age at diagnosis	Histology	Primary versus metastasis	Topography	Stage at diagnosis	Treatment course
16YST	Patient #1	29	Mixed tumor, YST component	Primary	Left testis	III (pT2N3M1b)	Orchiectomy + emergent laminectomy → 8 courses CT (4BEP + 4VeIP) + RT (bone) Complete remission, serious toxicity and paresis ANED
16TE			Mixed tumor, TE component	Primary	Left testis
M6YST			YST	Metastasis	Bone
117SE	Patient #2	33	SE	Primary	Right testis	II (pT1aN2M0)	Inguinal LN excision → orchiectomy → RT Complete remission ANED
M12SE	Patient #2	33	SE	Metastasis	Inguinal LN	II (pT1aN2M0)
255EC	Patient #3	21	EC	Primary	Right testis	II (pT2N2M0)	Orchiectomy → 3 courses CT (3BEP) → disease progression under CT (lung biopsy: viable EC) → 9 courses CT (4VeIP + 4TIP + 1GEMOX) → LND and lung resection (viable disease, M20EC and M21EC) → disease progression → second LND and lung resection (viable disease, M22EC and M23EC) Cisplatin resistance, disease progression DoD
M20EC			EC	Metastasis	Lung
M21EC			EC	Metastasis	Mediastinal LN
M22EC			EC	Metastasis	Lung
M23EC			EC	Metastasis	Mediastinal LN
27EC	Patient #4	22	EC	Primary	Left testis	III (pT1N3M1a)	Lung biopsy → orchiectomy → 4 courses CT (4BEP) → LND (no viable tumor) Complete remission ANED
M4EC	Patient #4	22	EC	Metastasis	Lung	III (pT1N3M1a)

ANED alive with no evidence of disease, CT chemotherapy, DoD dead of disease, EC embryonal carcinoma, LN lymph node, LND lymph node dissection, SE seminoma, TE teratoma, YST yolk sac tumor

ISSN: 1868-7083