Fig. 2

Bladder CARE test correctly classifies control and cancer cohorts. a Distribution box plots of BCI values (Y-axis) represented on a symmetrical log scale (Y-axis is linear between 0 and 2; Y-axis > 2 is illustrated on a base 10 logarithmic scale). The size of each cohort is indicated above each median. Statistical significance (calculated using Student’s two-tailed t test) between cohorts is indicated on the top of the figure. Interquartile range (the range of samples from the 25th to 75th percentile) is represented by the box, and the cohort median value is represented by the horizontal line within the box. Outliers (values outside the minimum and maximum represented by the whiskers, equaling the 25th or 75th percentile + 1.5 * the interquartile range) are indicated by black diamonds. Bladder CARE-negative samples (BCI < 2.5) are delimited by the green area, while High-Risk and Positive samples (BCI between 2.5 and 5, and > 5) are delimited by the yellow and red areas, respectively. b Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve using the BCI value for classification. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve is a measure of classification performance, plotting the difference in true-positive rate (sensitivity) and false-positive rate (1—specificity) as the classification decision boundary is changed (what value is required to classify as positive), where 0.5 = no discrimination and 1 = perfect discrimination. Classification thresholds were taken at a 0.25 BCI interval, with a resulting AUC of 0.971