Table 1 Effects of small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic regulators in cellular and animal models of periodontitis
Epigenetic target | Compound(s) | Effect |
|---|---|---|
HDACs | SAHA, ITF2357 | Suppression of P. gingivalis- and cytokine-induced CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, MMP1, MMP3 and PTGS expression in gingival fibroblasts [53] |
TSA, butyrate | Upregulation of hBD2, IL-8 and CCL20 in GECs infected with P. gingivalis or F. nucleatum [35] | |
butyrate | Suppression of LPS-induced TNF and IL-1β expression and ROS production in PDL cells [56] | |
TSA, apicidin | Suppression of T. denticola-induced MMP2 activation in PDL cells [29] | |
TSA, butyrate | Upregulation of osteoblast markers and induction of osteogenic differentiation of PDL cells [56, 57] | |
1179.4b | Reduction of alveolar bone destruction in experimental periodontitis in mice [69] | |
TSA | Reduction of inflammation and increased alveolar bone volume in experimental periodontitis in rats [68] | |
BET proteins | I-BET151, JQ1 | Suppression of inflammatory mediator production by GECs and gingival fibroblasts [65] |
JQ1 | Amelioration of inflammation and alveolar bone resorption in experimental periodontitis in mice [70] | |
DNMTs | AZA | Induction of differentiation of gingival fibroblasts into osteoblasts and induction of ectopic bone formation in mice [120] |
Suppression of T. denticola-induced MMP2 activation in PDL cells [29] | ||
AZA, decitabine | Modulation of inflammatory cytokine production by GECs [121] | |
RG108 | Prevention of P. gingivalis-mediated impairment of GEC barrier function [114] |