Developmental programming in human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells following fetal growth restriction

Clinical Epigenetics

Table 1 Maternal and neonatal characteristics

	Control (n = 8)	FGR (n = 11)	p value
Maternal characteristics
Age (years)	29 ± 4	32 ± 5	0.11
(Pre-pregnancy) BMI (kg/m³)	25 ± 4	25 ± 4	0.96
Preexisting hypertension, n (%)	0 (0)	2 (18)	0.49
Renal disease, n (%)	0 (0)	1 (9)	1.00
Preexistent diabetes, n (%)	1 (13)	0 (0)	0.42
Autoimmune disease, n (%)	1 (13)	1 (9)	1.00
Preeclampsia, n (%)	0 (0)	5 (46)	0.05
HELLP, n (%)	0 (0)	1 (9)	1.00
PPROM, n (%)	3 (38)	0 (0)	0.06
Smoking, n (%)	2 (25)	5 (46)	0.63
Maternal medication during pregnancy
Antihypertensive drugs, n (%)	0 (0)	6 (55)	0.02
Antenatal steroids, n (%)	8 (100)	9 (82)	0.49
MgSO_4, n (%)	3 (43)^#	4 (36)	1.00
Delivery
Caesarean section, n (%)	2 (25)	7 (64)	0.17
Apgar at 5 min	8 ± 2	8 ± 2	0.28
Neonatal characteristics
Sex, n (%male)	3 (38)	6 (55)	0.65
GA at birth (weeks)	31.1 ± 2.6	34.6 ± 3.5	0.02
Birth weight (gram)	1681 ± 416	1596 ± 459	0.69
Birth weight (percentile)	66 ± 20	6 ± 12	< 0.01
- < 3rd percentile, n (%)	0 (0)	8 (73)	< 0.01

Data expressed as mean ± SD or n (%), respectively, tested with independent t test or Fisher's exact test. ^# represents missing data, and therefore, the percentages are calculated based on the number of observations/measurements within the control group with 7 being the lowest number of patients in a group (maximum 13% missing data). Pre-existing hypertension, preeclampsia and HELLP were defined according to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines [26]. GA: gestational age; HELLP: hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet syndrome; and PPROM: preterm premature rupture of membranes

ISSN: 1868-7083