Fig. 4

Analysis of the changes in DNA methylation of metabolic genes and of insulin sensitivity before and after SIVmac infection in macaques. a Heatmap showing median changes in methylation levels of insulin-signaling and insulin growth factor 1/2-signaling genes during SIVmac infection. Columns correspond to individual animals (rhesus macaques) and rows to probes. Blue indicates increased methylation and yellow decreased methylation compared to baseline, defined as the median of expressions of the pre-infection samples (blood: n = 5 pre-infection, 3 acute infection, 10 chronic infection; lymph node: n = 7 pre-infection, 4 acute infection, 13 chronic infection). Probes with a statistically significant change as compared to baseline are marked by a red box. b Insulin sensitivity is shown for MAC (red, n = 6) and AGM (blue, n = 11). Individual animals are shown in light color and median in dark color. **p < 0.01 compared to baseline using Friedman test and Dunn’s multiple comparison. c Correlation between change in insulin sensitivity following SIV infection and CD4 + T cell proliferation in LN is shown. Individual animals (MAC, n = 6 in red and AGM, n = 5 in blue) and linear regression results are depicted (for all animals combined). Pearson rho and p value are shown for either MAC alone or for MAC and AGM combined