Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study participants according to prevalent hypertension

No. of participants

1389

1109

-

776

995

-

Age, years

50.3 ± 9.3

55.7 ± 8.9

< 0.001

59.6 ± 12.0

63.5 ± 12.0

< 0.001

Sex, men n (%)

430 (31.0)

532 (48.0)

< 0.001

449 (47.0)

507 (40.1)

0.004

Education, high school or above n (%)

296 (21.3)

211 (19.0)

0.158

562 (46.9)

750 (42.5)

0.143

Current smoking, n (%)

281 (20.2)

301 (27.1)

< 0.001

324 (40.0)

318 (50.5)

< 0.001

Current drinking, n (%)

199 (14.3)

266 (24.0)

< 0.001

225 (42.5)

250 (47.4)

0.077

Body mass index, kg/m²

23.99 ± 3.30

25.78 ± 3.78

< 0.001

22.51 ± 3.36

24.58 ± 3.59

< 0.001

Fasting glucose, mmol/L

5.15 ± 1.04

5.70 ± 1.59

< 0.001

5.33 ± 1.82

6.31 ± 2.54

< 0.001

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

5.09 ± 1.52

5.38 ± 1.99

< 0.001

4.68 ± 1.00

5.04 ± 1.12

< 0.001

Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.28 ± 1.40

1.69 ± 1.77

< 0.001

1.52 ± 1.24

1.88 ± 4.60

0.017

LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L

2.92 ± 0.74

3.09 ± 0.78

< 0.001

3.11 ± 1.00

3.02 ± 0.96

0.053

HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L

1.55 ± 0.48

1.45 ± 0.39

< 0.001

1.35 ± 0.34

1.31 ± 0.39

0.018