Table 1 Maternal and birth characteristics of the study population
Characteristics | Total group, n = 935 | Maternal normal weight, n = 667 | Maternal overweight/obesity, n = 234 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal characteristics | ||||
 Age, years | 31.7 ± 4.2 | 31.8 ± 4.2 | 31.7 ± 4.1 | 0.69 |
 Height, cm | 170.8 ± 6.2 | 171.1 ± 6.3 | 170.4 ± 5.8 | 0.25 |
 Pre-pregnancy body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.3 ± 3.8 | 21.8 ± 1.6 | 28.5 ± 3.4 | < 0.01 |
 Women with | ||||
  Underweight | 34 (3.6) | – | – |  |
  Normal weight | 667 (71.3) | 667 | – |  |
  Overweight | 175 (18.7) | – | 175 |  |
  Obesity | 59 (6.3) | – | 59 |  |
 Gestational age at glucose/insulin measurement, weeks | 13.1 (9.4–17.4) | 13.4 (8.3–17.4) | 12.9 (9.5–17.5) | 0.19 |
 Parity, nulliparous | 563 (60.3) | 409 (61.3) | 130 (55.6) | 0.23 |
 Education, higher education | 596 (64.9) | 405 (71.6) | 97 (50.0) | < 0.01 |
 Smoking during pregnancy, continued | 173 (20.8) | 101 (19.6) | 40 (22.6) | 0.40 |
 Glucose, mmol/l | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 0.08 |
 Insulin, pmol/l | 126.3 (19.9–774.6) | 119.6 (19.6–764.5) | 153.6 (19.0–847.4) | 0.09 |
 Gestational diabetes | 10 (1.3) | 8 (1.7) | 1 (0.5) | 0.31 |
Child characteristics | ||||
 Male | 491 (52.5) | 311 (54.4) | 96 (49.0) | 0.19 |
 Gestational age at birth, weeks | 40.3 (36.4–42.3) | 40.4 (36.5–42.3) | 40.4 (36.3–42.3) | 0.60 |
 Birth weight, grams | 3552 ± 514 | 3552 ± 493 | 3599 ± 571 | 0.31 |
 Glucose, mmol/l | 5.2 (0.9) | 5.2 (0.9) | 5.0 (0.9) | 0.03 |