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Fig. 7 | Clinical Epigenetics

Fig. 7

From: Gene co-expression and histone modification signatures are associated with melanoma progression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis

Fig. 7

Single post-translational modifications (PTMs) in histones H3 and H4 are associated with melanoma progression, EMT, and metastasis. a Heatmap showing the changes in the average abundance levels of specific single histone marks across the cell lines, and their potential association with melanoma progression, EMT, and metastasis. The associations were made based on the relative abundance patterns of the single histone marks across the cell lines. The levels of histone PTMs were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests. Differences were considered statistically significant when the multiplicity adjusted p values were lower than 0.05. Only single histone PTMs that were differentially expressed in at least one pairwise statistical comparison are shown. Significant pairwise comparisons between melan-a versus 4C, 4C versus 4C11−, and 4C11− and 4C11+ cells are shown as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001, whereas the significant difference between melan-a versus 4C11+ for H3K79me2 is shown as #p < 0.05. b The levels of H3K4me1 are decreased in mesenchymal (4C and 4C11−) compared to epithelial cell lines (melan-a and 4C11+). c The dimethylation levels at H3K9 were increased in the metastasis-promoting 4C11+ cells compared to the non-metastatic 4C11− cells, whereas the acetylation levels of H3K9 were decreased in 4C11+ cells. d, e For H3K27, the H3.1K27me3 and H3.3K27me1 marks were differentially altered in the cell lines. f, g The dimethylation levels of H3K36 (H3.1K36 and H3.3K36) were reduced in 4C11+ cells, but the H3.3K36me3 mark was increased in this cell line. h The H3K56me2 mark was significantly increased in the mesenchymal cell lines 4C and 4C11−. i The H3K79me2 was progressively reduced across the cell lines, with significant changes between the melan-a and 4C11+ cell lines. j The methylation levels of H4K20 were associated with EMT, with the H4K20me2 levels being significantly decreased in the mesenchymal cell lines. k The acetylation and monomethylation levels of H3K18 and H3K23 were statistically different in the cell lines and related to melanoma progression. l The acetylation levels of H4K5, H4K8, H4K12, and H4K16 were statistically different across the cell lines. Lower levels of H4K5 and H4K8 acetylation are seen in 4C, 4C11−, and 4C11+ in comparison to melan-a cells. In parallel, the H4K12ac and H4K16ac changed across the multiple pairwise comparisons

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