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Fig. 1 | Clinical Epigenetics

Fig. 1

From: Epigenetic measures of ageing predict the prevalence and incidence of leading causes of death and disease burden

Fig. 1

The associations between epigenetic measures of ageing and disease prevalence, continuous traits and all-cause mortality in Generation Scotland. Only associations present in discovery and replication sets are shown, and replication test statistics are presented. Continuous: Age-adjusted DNAm GrimAge was associated with greater deprivation (lower SIMD rank), reduced forced expiratory flow and forced expiratory volume. Age-adjusted DNAm GrimAge was positively associated with serum creatinine levels and average heart rate. Age-adjusted DNAm PhenoAge was positively associated with body mass index, average heart rate and smoking pack years. Age-adjusted DNAm Telomere Length was negatively associated with smoking pack years. Higher values for DunedinPoAm were associated with greater deprivation (lower SIMD rank), a higher average heart rate and smoking pack years. Age-adjusted Hannum Age was positively associated with serum creatinine levels. Disease: Age-adjusted DNAm GrimAge alone was associated with the prevalence of COPD in both discovery and replication sub-cohorts after correction for multiple testing. All-Cause Mortality: Age-adjusted DNAm GrimAge alone was associated with all-cause mortality in both sets after multiple testing correction. Associations represent a one standard deviation increase in the respective measure of biological ageing. Models were adjusted for age, sex, alcohol consumption, body mass index, deprivation, education and smoking. Models involving lung function tests were also corrected for height. COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), SIMD (Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation)

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