Table 1 Clinicopathologic associations of PKMTs
From: Clinicopathologic significance of protein lysine methyltransferases in cancer
| EZH2 | ||
| Canonical histone modification: H3K27 methylation | ||
| Cancer type | Correlation with clinicopathologic features | Effect on overall survival |
| Breast cancer [4,5,6,7] |
High histologic grade High proliferation index Triple-negative histology Advanced TNM stage Presence of metastasis at diagnosis | Independent predictor of worse disease-specific survival |
| Non-small cell lung cancer [8,9,10] |
High histologic grade Advanced TNM stage Squamous cell histology | Independent predictor of worse overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma |
| Colorectal cancer [11,12,13,14,15] |
Advanced TNM stage Increased invasion depth |
Conflicting studies: • Independent predictor of worse overall survival • Independent predictor of improved overall survival |
| Endometrial cancer [6, 16, 17] |
Aggressive serous papillary and clear cell subtypes High histologic grade High nuclear grade Advanced clinical FIGO stage | Independent predictor of worse overall and progression-free survival |
| Gastric cancer [18] | No correlation data available | Independent predictor of worse overall and progression-free survival |
| Prostate cancer [6, 19] |
Lymph node metastasis Seminal vesicle invasion Poorly differentiated tumors | Independent predictor of worse recurrence-free and overall survival |
| Ovarian cancer [20, 21] |
Advanced clinical stage High histologic grade | Independent predictor of worse overall survival |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck [22,23,24] |
High histologic grade Advanced clinical stage Tumor stage Lymph node metastasis | Independent predictor of worse overall survival |
| EHMT2 (G9a) | ||
| Canonical histone modification: H3K9 methylation | ||
| Cancer type | Correlation with clinicopathologic features | Effect on overall survival |
| Non-small cell lung cancer [25, 26] | No correlation data available | Independent predictor of worse overall and recurrence-free survival in NSCLC |
| Gastric cancer [27] |
Advanced clinical stage Lymph node metastasis | Independent predictor of worse overall survival |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma [28] | No correlation data available | Independent predictor of worse overall survival |
| Ovarian cancer [29] |
Advanced clinical stage High histologic grade Serous histology | No association |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck [30] | No correlation data available | Predictor of worse overall survival (no multivariate analysis was conducted to determine if EHMT2 is an independent prognostic factor) |
| SMYD2 | ||
| Canonical histone modification: H3K4/H3K36 methylation | ||
| Cancer type | Correlation with clinicopathologic features | Effect on overall survival |
| Gastric cancer [31] |
Lymph node metastasis Tumor size Depth of tumor invasion | Independent predictor of worse overall survival |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma [32] |
Vascular invasion Tumor size Advanced clinical stage Poorly differentiated tumors | Independent predictor of worse overall survival |
| SMYD3 | ||
| Canonical histone modification: H3K4/H4K5/H4K20 methylation | ||
| Cancer type | Correlation with clinicopathologic features | Effect on overall survival |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma [33] | Tumor size | Independent predictor of worse overall survival |
| Prostate cancer [34] | No correlation data available | Independent predictor of worse overall survival |
| NSD2 | ||
| Canonical histone modification: H3K36 methylation | ||
| Cancer type | Correlation with clinicopathologic features | Effect on overall survival |
| Endometrial cancer [35] |
Lymphovascular invasion High histologic grade Lymph node metastasis Depth of myometrial invasion Advanced FIGO clinical stage | Independent predictor of worse overall and progression-free survival |
| Prostate cancer [36] | No correlation data available | Independent predictor of biochemical recurrence |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck [37] | Poorly differentiated tumors | No correlation data available |
| NSD3 | ||
| Canonical histone modification: H3K36 methylation | ||
| Cancer type | Correlation with clinicopathologic features | Effect on overall survival |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck [38] | Poorly differentiated tumors | No association |
| SETD7 | ||
| Canonical histone modification: H3K4 methylation | ||
| Cancer type | Correlation with clinicopathologic features | Effect on overall survival |
| Breast cancer [39] | Advanced nodal stage | Independent predictor of worse disease-free and overall survival in all breast cancer subtypes |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma [40] |
Tumor size High histologic grade | Independent predictor of worse overall survival |
| SETD1A | ||
| Canonical histone modification: H3K4 methylation | ||
| Cancer type | Correlation with clinicopathologic features | Effect on overall survival |
| Breast cancer [41] |
Advanced TNM stage Vascular invasion Metastasis | Independent predictor of worse overall survival in TNBC |
| SETDB1 | ||
| Canonical histone modification: H3K9 methylation | ||
| Cancer type | Correlation with clinicopathologic features | Effect on overall survival |
| Colorectal cancer [42, 43] |
High histologic grade Advanced TNM stage | Independent predictor of worse overall survival |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma [44, 45] | Progressively increasing SETDB1 protein levels from normal liver to chronic hepatitis to HCC | No correlation data available |
| EHMT1 | ||
| Canonical histone modification: H3K9 methylation | ||
| Cancer type | Correlation with clinicopathologic features | Effect on overall survival |
| Gastric cancer [46] |
Tumor stage Lymph node metastasis | No correlation data available |