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Table 2 Individual associations of GRS and MRS with LC incidence

From: Individual and joint contributions of genetic and methylation risk scores for enhancing lung cancer risk stratification: data from a population-based cohort in Germany

Group

Risk score

Quartilea

Cases

Controls

OR (95% CI)

Model 1b

Model 2c

Model 3d

All participants

GRS

Q1 (< 24)

20

319

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 (Ncase/control = 143/1460)

 

Q2 (24, 27)

29

379

1.22 (0.68–2.23)

1.23 (0.69–2.26)

1.28 (0.66–2.57)

  

Q3 (27, 30)

41

375

1.74 (1.01–3.09)

1.60 (0.93–2.86)

1.62 (0.87–3.15)

  

Q4 (≥ 30)

53

387

2.18 (1.30–3.81)

2.08 (1.23–3.64)

1.93 (1.05–3.71)

  

p trend

  

0.0010

0.0030

0.0251

 

MRS

Q1 (< − 0.10)

6

365

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  

Q2 (− 0.10, + 0.15)

11

365

1.91 (0.70–5.75)

1.84 (0.67–5.55)

1.31 (0.43–4.18)

  

Q3 (+ 0.15, + 0.53)

28

365

4.96 (2.09–13.79)

4.49 (1.87–12.57)

2.85 (1.09–8.48)

  

Q4 (≥ + 0.53)

98

365

20.00 (8.92–53.79)

18.40 (8.08–50.00)

5.64 (2.13–17.03)

  

p trend

  

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Ever smokers

GRS

Q1 (< 24)

16

155

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 (Ncase/control = 123/712)

 

Q2 (24, 27)

23

171

1.30 (0.67–2.60)

1.30 (0.66–2.61)

1.19 (0.56–2.61)

  

Q3 (27, 30)

36

194

1.80 (0.98–3.44)

1.70 (0.92–3.27)

1.70 (0.85–3.58)

  

Q4 (≥ 30)

48

192

2.42 (1.35–4.55)

2.43 (1.35–4.60)

2.23 (1.13–4.63)

  

p trend

  

0.0013

0.0016

0.0086

 

MRS

Q1 (< + 0.12)

9

178

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  

Q2 (+ 0.12, + 0.46)

18

178

2.17 (0.90–5.53)

1.97 (0.81–5.08)

1.75 (0.64–5.13)

  

Q3 (+ 0.46, + 0.89)

33

178

4.80 (2.13–11.79)

4.32 (1.89–10.72)

2.48 (0.92–7.21)

  

Q4 (≥ + 0.89)

63

178

9.77 (4.49–23.53)

9.58 (4.37–23.28)

3.91 (1.46–11.40)

  

p trend

  

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

0.0051

Heavy smokers

GRS

Q1 (< 24)

8

32

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 (Ncase/control = 69/205)

 

Q2 (24, 27)

12

57

0.84 (0.31–2.35)

0.73 (0.26–2.07)

0.75 (0.26–2.19)

  

Q3 (27, 30)

24

59

1.63 (0.68–4.24)

1.25 (0.50–3.35)

1.52 (0.59–4.16)

  

Q4 (≥ 30)

25

57

1.75 (0.73–4.57)

1.60 (0.65–4.24)

1.62 (0.64–4.38)

  

p trend

  

0.0642

0.0982

0.0998

 

MRS

Q1 (< + 0.47)

6

51

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  

Q2 (+ 0.47, + 0.86)

15

51

3.25 (1.01–11.66)

3.19 (0.96–11.92)

2.38 (0.67–9.30)

  

Q3 (+ 0.86, + 1.32)

20

51

3.31 (1.06–11.51)

3.80 (1.18–13.70)

2.85 (0.84–10.70)

  

Q4 (≥ + 1.32)

28

51

4.70 (1.55–16.24)

6.07 (1.92–21.96)

4.26 (1.22–16.52)

  

p trend

  

0.0158

0.0042

0.0324

  1. Q quartile, GRS genetic risk score, MRS methylation risk score, LC lung cancer, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, Ref. reference category
  2. aQuartiles of risk score among controls
  3. bModel 1: without adjustment for any covariates for GRS and adjusted for batch (3 subsets) and leukocyte composition for MRS
  4. cModel 2: like model 1, additionally adjusted for age and sex
  5. dModel 3: like model 2, additionally adjusted for smoking status and pack-years