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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population at baseline

From: Individual and joint contributions of genetic and methylation risk scores for enhancing lung cancer risk stratification: data from a population-based cohort in Germany

Characteristics

Cases (n = 143)

Controls (n = 1460)

p valuea

Age (years)

63.7 (6.2)

61.8 (6.5)

0.0011

Sex

   

 Male

90 (62.9)

643 (44.0)

< 0.0001

Smoking statusb

   

 Never smoker

17 (12.1)

704 (49.7)

 

 Former smoker

53 (37.9)

473 (33.4)

 

 Current smoker

70 (50.0)

239 (16.9)

< 0.0001

Heavy smokersc

69 (48.3)

205 (14.0)

< 0.0001

Pack-yearsd

34.8 (24.8)

12.1 (17.5)

< 0.0001

GRSe

   

 Q1 (< 24)

20 (14.0)

319 (21.8)

 

 Q2 (24, 27)

29 (20.3)

379 (26.0)

 

 Q3 (27, 30)

41 (28.7)

375 (25.7)

 

 Q4 (≥ 30)

53 (37.1)

387 (26.5)

0.0110

MRSe

   

 Q1 (< − 0.10)

6 (4.2)

365 (25.0)

 

 Q2 (− 0.10, + 0.15)

11 (7.7)

365 (25.0)

 

 Q3 (+ 0.15, + 0.53)

28 (19.6)

365 (25.0)

 

 Q4 (≥ + 0.53)

98 (68.5)

365 (25.0)

< 0.0001

  1. Means (standard deviation) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables
  2. GRS genetic risk score, MRS methylation risk score, Q quartile
  3. aFisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon test for continuous variables
  4. bData missing for 3 cases and 44 controls; never smoker was defined as an adult who has never smoked, or who has smoked less than 100 cigarettes in his or her lifetime; former smoker was defined as an adult who has smoked at least 100 cigarettes in his or her lifetime but who had quit smoking at the time of interview; current smoker was defined as an adult who has smoked 100 cigarettes in his or her lifetime and who currently smokes cigarettes
  5. cHeavy smokers were defined as participants with ≥ 30 pack-years of smoking who were either current smokers or had quit smoking ≤ 15 years ago
  6. dData missing for 15 cases and 137 controls
  7. eClassified according to quartiles of GRS (MRS) among controls