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Table 3 Genes harboring differential methylation sites (DMSs) with the top 5 differences in β values between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and non-DR subjects in the discovery study

From: Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation identifies S100A13 as an epigenetic biomarker in individuals with chronic (≥ 30 years) type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy

DMS

Gene

C

Location

β value

P value

DR group

Non-DR group

Difference

cg11596404

S100A13

1

TSS200; 5′ UTR; TSS1500;

0.530201

0.679582

− 0.149381

6.39E−07

cg02873163

S100A13

1

TSS200; 5′ UTR; 5′ UTR; TSS1500

0.550267

0.706868

− 0.156601

6.42E−06

cg17776284

S100A13

1

5′ UTR; TSS200; 1stExon; TSS1500

0.475831

0.621

− 0.145169

1.51E−05

cg11915664

S100A13

1

TSS200; 5′ UTR; TSS1500

0.410099

0.552284

− 0.142185

1.55E−05

cg11343894

S100A13

1

5′ UTR; 1stExon; TSS200;TSS150;

0.504602

0.658721

− 0.154119

1.78E−05

  1. DMS differentially methylated site, DR diabetic retinopathy, C chromosome, S100A13calcium-binding protein A13, TSS transcriptional start site, UTR untranslated region