Table 1 The basic and clinical characteristics of the 19 diabetic retinopathy patients (type 2 diabetes mellitus duration of < 3 years) and 21 patients with no sign of diabetic retinopathy with a type 2 diabetes mellitus duration of > 30 years enrolled in the discovery study

Number

19

21

/

Sex (male)

10

10

1

Age (year)

68.74 ± 8.69

74.19 ± 8.59

0.05

Age of DM onset (year)

67.26 ± 8.59

40.10 ± 9.13

0.00

DM duration (year)

1.47 ± 1.07

34.09 ± 5.74

/

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

6.95 ± 1.94

6.99 ± 2.22

0.93

HbA1c (%)

6.79 ± 1.26

7.53 ± 1.44

0.04

BMI (kg/m²)

25.30 ± 4.55

24.94 ± 3.33

0.94

MAP (mmHg)

102.98 ± 12.53

103.37 ± 13.45

0.93

SER (D)

− 0.53 ± 2.06

0.17 ± 2.01

0.24

IOP (mmHg)

13.80 ± 4.24

15.02 ± 2.62

0.28

AL (mm)

23.23 ± 1.13

23.26 ± 0.86

0.93