Table 2 Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis results, assessing epigenetic mediation between smoking status and ~ 3-year survival at the SPEG gene (chromosome 2:220325443-220326041), GFI1 gene (chromosome 1:92946132-92947588) and PPT2 gene (chromosome 6:32120895-32120907). Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and MR Egger results, adjusted for genetic correlation between mQTLs, are reported as hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals
Region (gene) | MR method | SNPs | HR | 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All DMR CpGs | |||||
 Chr2:220325443-220326041 (SPEG) | IVW | 17 | 1.28 | 1.14 to 1.43 | 2.12 × 10−05 |
 Chr2:220325443-220326041 (SPEG) | MR Egger | 17 | 1.28 | 1.18 to 1.38 | 4.04 × 10−10 |
 Chr1:92946132-92947588 (GFI1) | IVW | 8 | 0.74 | 0.60 to 0.93 | 7.9 × 10−03 |
 Chr1:92946132-92947588 (GFI1) | MR Egger | 8 | 2.65 | 0.77 to 9.12 | 0.12 |
 Chr6:32120895-32120907 (PPT2) | IVW | 8 | 0.82 | 0.52 to 1.30 | 0.40 |
 Chr6:32120895-32120907 (PPT2) | MR Egger | 8 | 1.68 | 0.27 to 10.38 | 0.58 |
Sentinel CpG only | |||||
 cg06084174 (SPEG) | IVW | 3 | 1.14 | 0.90 to 1.45 | 0.29 |
 cg06338710 (GFI1) | Wald ratio | 1 | 0.93 | 0.47 to 1.85 | 0.84 |
 cg17113856 (PPT2) | IVW | 2 | 0.67 | 0.37 to 1.22 | 0.19 |