Fig. 2

Cumulative exposure to adverse childhood experiences from age 0–14 years and DNA methylation age acceleration at age 17 years. DNAm AA, Horvath-estimated DNA methylation age acceleration; ACE, adverse childhood experiences. Scatter plots show mean differences in DNAm AA for each category of ACE exposure when compared to zero exposure to ACE. Whiskers show 95% confidence intervals. ^aAdjusted for white blood cell composition, smoking status, maternal body mass index, maternal smoking, maternal age at delivery, maternal depression, partner’s depression, mother’s highest education qualification, household’s highest socioeconomic class