The association of DNA methylation with body mass index: distinguishing between predictors and biomarkers

Clinical Epigenetics

Table 2 Associations between methylation and genetic scores and BMI/birth weight at the same time point

	N	Associations between methylation score and BMI/birth weight			Associations between genetic score and BMI/birth weight
	N	Effect size¹, in kg/m² per SD in methylation score (CI)	p value	Adjusted R-squared³	Effect size² (CI)	p value	Adjusted R-squared³
Birth⁴	823	69.27 (35.35, 103.18)	6.83E−05	0.02	− 219.75 (− 412.59, − 26.90)	0.03	0.004
Childhood	906	0.25 (0.12, 0.39)	2.23E−04	0.01	2.24 (1.45, 3.02)	2.72E−08	0.03
Adolescence	770	0.97 (0.69, 1.26)	3.91E−11	0.03	5.25 (3.65, 6.85)	2.12E−10	0.05
Pregnancy	792	0.62 (0.36, 0.87)	2.31E−06	0.02	2.91 (1.38, 4.43)	1.95E−04	0.02
Middle-age	726	2.06 (1.67, 2.46)	1.58E−23	0.10	4.72 (2.54, 6.90)	2.45E−05	0.02

¹From model adjusting for age (except at birth), sex (where applicable), sample type (where applicable) and cell type proportions (B cell, CD4T, CD8T, Gran, Mono and NK).
²From model adjusting for age and sex (where applicable)
³Adjusted R-squared obtained from model with only the methylation score or genetic score and no other covariates
⁴The effect size units for birth are grams per standard deviation in DNA methylation score

ISSN: 1868-7083