From: DNA methylation age calculators reveal association with diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes
 | Primary cohort Conventional group N = 124 Mean (SD)/N (%) | Primary cohort Intensive group N = 125 Mean (SD)/N (%) | Secondary cohort Conventional group N = 125 Mean (SD)/N (%) | Secondary cohort Intensive group N = 125 Mean (SD)/N (%) | Total N = 499 Mean (SD)/N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (male) | 73 (58.9%) | 60 (48.0%) | 65 (52.0%) | 73 (58.4%) | 271 (54.3%) |
Stimulated C-peptide at DCCT eligibility (pmol/ml) | 0.18 (0.14) | 0.17 (0.14) | 0.08 (0.09) | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.12 (0.12) |
Time-weighted HbA1c (%)* | 8.93 (1.23) | 6.93 (0.72) | 8.73 (1.18) | 7.13 (0.73) | 7.92 (1.34) |
Current smoker | 24 (19.4%) | 19 (15.2%) | 25 (20.0%) | 27 (21.6%) | 95 (19.0%) |
Alcohol consumption | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 None | 81 (65.3%) | 80 (64.0%) | 83 (66.4%) | 82 (65.6%) | 326 (65.3%) |
 Occasional | 11 (8.9%) | 12 (9.6%) | 8 (6.4%) | 11 (8.8%) | 42 (8.4%) |
 Regular | 32 (25.8%) | 33 (26.4%) | 34 (27.2%) | 32 (25.6%) | 131 (26.3%) |
Physical activity at job†|  |  |  |  |  |
 Sedentary | 57 (46.0%) | 49 (39.2%) | 49 (39.2%) | 55 (44.0%) | 210 (42.1%) |
 Moderate | 64 (51.6%) | 69 (55.2%) | 74 (59.2%) | 63 (50.4%) | 270 (54.1%) |
 Strenuous | 3 (2.4%) | 7 (5.6%) | 2 (1.6%) | 7 (5.6%) | 19 (3.8%) |
Leisure time physical activity‡ |  |  |  |  |  |
 METs < 450 | 38 (30.7%) | 47 (37.6%) | 38 (30.4%) | 52 (41.6%) | 175 (35.1%) |
 METs 450–1500 | 39 (31.5%) | 34 (27.2%) | 41 (32.8%) | 34 (27.2%) | 148 (29.7%) |
 METs > 1500 | 46 (37.1%) | 44 (35.2%) | 46 (36.8%) | 39 (31.2%) | 175 (35.1%) |
 Missing | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.2%) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 (2.8) | 25.4 (3.3) | 25.0 (2.8) | 26.6 (4.1) | 25.5 (3.4) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 112.6 (10.8) | 112.3 (11.4) | 116.2 (11.5) | 116.3 (10.6) | 114.4 (11.2) |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.9 (8.2) | 72.3 (7.7) | 73.8 (8.1) | 74.4 (8.2) | 73.6 (8.1) |
HDL (mg/dl) | 52.9 (13.0) | 54.9 (14.7) | 51.0 (11.4) | 48.8 (11.4) | 51.9 (12.9) |
LDL (mg/dl) | 107.7 (30.2) | 111.5 (27.0) | 114.4 (31.0) | 111.1 (28.0) | 111.2 (29.1) |
Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 75.3 (41.1) | 74.2 (45.1) | 88.1 (54.2) | 76.7 (39.3) | 78.6 (45.5) |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 175.7 (34.4) | 181.2 (31.3) | 183.0 (34.6) | 175.3 (30.9) | 17.8 (32.9) |
Pulse rate (beat/min) | 71.1 (9.8) | 71.2 (9.1) | 72.9 (9.3) | 73.5 (9.3) | 72.2 (9.4) |
Age at diagnosis (years) | 26.5 (5.9) | 26.9 (5.4) | 19.8 (7.1) | 19.5 (6.7) | 23.2 (7.2) |
Duration (months) | 88.1 (28.1) | 85.7 (23.9) | 173.5 (51.8) | 184.8 (48.5) | 133.1 (61.2) |
Chronological age (years) | 34.6 (6.1) | 34.8 (5.6) | 35.0 (5.3) | 35.6 (5.8) | 35.0 (5.7) |
Pan-tissue | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 DNAm age (years) | 35.9 (6.8) | 36.5 (6.3) | 37.3 (6.5) | 38.2 (6.5) | 37.0 (6.5) |
 Epigenetic age acceleration (years) | 1.3 (4.5) | 1.8 (4.1) | 2.4 (4.0) | 2.5 (4.5) | 2.0 (4.3) |
Skin & Blood | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 DNAm age (years) | 30.1 (7.5) | 30.2 (6.6) | 30.7 (6.5) | 32.1 (6.6) | 30.8 (6.9) |
 Epigenetic age acceleration (years) | − 4.5 (3.1) | − 4.5 (3.1) | − 4.3 (3.2) | − 3.5 (3.2) | − 4.2 (3.2) |
PhenoAge | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 DNAm age (years) | 27.1 (8.1) | 26.8 (7.3) | 27.0 (7.8) | 28.2 (8.0) | 27.3 (7.8) |
 Epigenetic age acceleration (years) | − 7.5 (5.8) | − 8.0 (5.0) | − 7.9 (5.0) | − 7.4 (5.7) | − 7.7 (5.4) |
GrimAge | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 DNAm age (years) | 40.3 (6.9) | 40.3 (6.6) | 40.7 (6.5) | 42.2 (7.0) | 40.8 (6.8) |
 Epigenetic age acceleration (years) | 5.7 (4.7) | 5.5 (4.3) | 5.7 (4.8) | 6.6 (5.0) | 5.9 (4.7) |