Fig. 6

MAKV-8 treatment induces ER stress. K-562 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of MAKV-8 at the indicated time points unless otherwise stated. (a) The expression levels of UPR-associated proteins, such as the ER stress marker GRP78, were assessed by western blot using β-actin as a loading control. (b) DDIT3 mRNA expression levels were quantified by real-time PCR and normalized to β-actin mRNA levels. (c) End-point analysis of XBP1 mRNA splicing. Thapsigargin (T, 4 µM) was used as a positive control for ER stress induction. All pictures are representative of three independent experiments