Fig. 2

DNA bisulfite sequencing of the TNF-alpha promoter region. a CpGs present in the TNF-alpha gene were ordered on Chromosome 6. At most CpG positions, the median β values in naïve CD4⁺ T-cells show significant hypomethylation in RA (red) compared to HC (blue). b Median β values in the similar region of chromosome 6 in memory cells and monocytes. There was no DM between HC and RA in both cell types. c A region of 273 bp was amplified for direct bisulfite sequencing, containing 3 of the array CpGs. This region is highly demethylated in memory cells but highly methylated in monocytes. Results of the sequencing covering 8 CpG displayed as pie chart for the percentage of methylated (blue)/demethylated (orange) DNA, showing on average ~45% demethylation in HC (n = 7) and ~90% in RA (n = 9)