DNA hypermethylation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) caused by betel quid chewing—a possible predictive biomarker for malignant transformation

Table 1 Characteristics of patients and tissue samples

	BQ chewers OSCC	BQ non-chewers OSCC	Healthy controls	Total	p value
Samples, N (%)	24 (32.4)	25 (37.8)	25 (37.8)	74 (100)
Gender					0.005*
Male, N (%)	19 (79.2)	9 (36)	11 (44)	39 (52.7)
Female, N (%)	5 (20.8)	16 (64)	14 (56)	35 (47.3)
Age (years)	56.3 ± 14.2	61.5 ± 14.5	54.7 ± 16.3		0.253**
SIRT1 DNA average methylation level	45.5 ± 15.0_a	23.7 ± 14.0_b	13.6 ± 9.8_c		0.000**

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), values in italics represent statistical significance (p < 0.05), and subscripts that do not share the same in the row differ at p < 0.05 in the one-way ANOVA test
BQ betel quid, OSCC oral squamous cell carcinoma
*p value is calculated using Pearson’s chi-squared test
**p value is calculated using one-way ANOVA test

ISSN: 1868-7083