Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the severely obese cohort who underwent bariatric surgery

Sex (females) n, %

26 (65%)

26 (65%)

26 (65%)

26 (65%)

Age (years)

45.1 (8.06)

-

-

46.1 (8.06)

WHR

1 (0.15)^b

1 (0.15)

0.96 (0.13)^b

0.97 (0.13)^a

− 0.06 (0.13)

0.095

BMI kg/m2

45.5 (9.3)

38.3 (9.2)^a

35.9 (8.35)

− 9.57 (5.9)

5.1 × 10⁻¹³

Fasting glucose mmol/L

6.5 (2.2)

5.7 (1.5)

5.3 (1.1)^a

5.2 (1.2)^b

− 1.17 (1.8)

1.6 × 10⁻⁴

Insulin ulU/L

17.5 (10.5)^a

12.2 (8.7)

9.2 (5.5)^b

7.3 (4.4)^b

− 10.7 (8.3)

1.3 × 10⁻⁸

HOMA-IR

5.1 (3.7)^a

-

2.4 (1.5)^c

1.9 (1.1)^c

− 3.9 (3.7)

9.4 × 10⁻⁷

HbA1c %

6.5 (1.1)^a

6.1 (0.9)

6 (0.7)^b

5.9 (0.9)^b

− 0.56 (0.8)

0.001

Total cholesterol mmol/L

5.1 (1.1)^a

4.6 (0.7)

4.6 (0.8)^b

4.5 (1.2)^b

− 0.63 (0.8)

2.3 × 10⁻⁴

HDL mmol/L

1.1 (0.4)^a

1.1 (0.4)

1.1 (0.4)^b

1.2 (0.4)^b

0.16 (0.3)

0.026

LDL mmol/L

3.2 (1)^a

3.0 (0.8)

2.7 (0.8)^b

2.7 (1)^b

− 0.57 (0.8)

4.1 × 10⁻⁴

TG mmol/L

1.4 [1.0, 2.4]^a

1.3 [0.9, 1.8]

0.9 [0.8, 1.8]^b

1.1 [0.7, 1.5]^b

− 0.5 (0.7)

1.4 × 10⁻⁶

FFA mmol/L

0.6 (0.3)^b

0.6 (0.3)

0.5 (0.2)^b

0.5 (0.2)^b

− 0.10 (0.34)

0.034

ALAT U/L

23.5 (10.2)^a

25.6 (10.8)

27 (20.9)^b

24.3 (10.8)^b

2.5 (12.1)

0.650

ASAT U/L

22.1 (9.2)^a

19.3 (6.7)

22.9 (15)^b

17.4 (7.1)^b

− 3.7 (11.2)

0.064

CRP mg/L

7.6 [3.2,16.5]^a

4.8 [1.6, 11.5]

3.4 [1.7,5.5]^c

1.4 [1, 2.9]^b

− 4.8 (10)

8.8 × 10⁻⁷