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Table 1 Comparison of study sample characteristics between participants who underwent methylation profiling and participants who did not at examination years 15 and 20

From: Epigenetic age acceleration and metabolic syndrome in the coronary artery risk development in young adults study

Characteristica

Year 15 cohort

Year 20 cohort

Without methylation

With methylation

P

Without methylation

With methylation

P

N

2630

1042

 

2592

957

 

Female, n (%)

1517 (57.7)

535 (51.3)

0.0005

1524 (58.8)

490 (51.2)

0.0001

Race, n (%)

 White

1324 (50.3)

618 (59.3)

 

1334 (51.5)

564 (58.9)

 

 Black

1306 (49.7)

424 (40.7)

0.0001

1258 (48.5)

393 (41.1)

0.0001

Age, mean (SD), years

40.1 (3.7)

40.4 (3.5)

0.04

45.1 (3.7)

45.4 (3.5)

0.06

Epigenetic age, mean (SD), yearsb

N/A

45.4 (5.5)

 

N/A

49.4 (6.1)

 

IEAA, mean (SD), years

N/A

0 (4.6)

 

N/A

0 (5.4)

 

EEAA, mean (SD), years

N/A

0 (6.4)

 

N/A

0 (5.4)

 

Education, mean (SD), years

14.8 (2.5)

15.1 (2.5)

0.007

15.0 (2.6)

15.1 (2.5)

0.20

Center, n (%)

 Birmingham, AL

603 (22.9)

255 (24.5)

 

597 (23.0)

222 (23.2)

 

 Chicago, IL

591 (22.5)

225 (21.6)

 

585 (22.6)

208 (21.7)

 

 Minneapolis, MN

715 (27.2)

278 (26.7)

 

667 (25.7)

258 (27.0)

 

 Oakland, CA

721 (27.4)

284 (27.3)

0.78

743 (28.7)

269 (28.1)

0.87

Smoking status, n (%)

 Never

1540 (58.7)

653 (62.8)

 

1580 (61.5)

570 (60.2)

 

 Former

484 (18.4)

181 (17.4)

 

491 (19.1)

191 (20.2)

 

 Current

601 (22.9)

206 (19.8)

0.06

497 (19.4)

186 (19.6)

0.73

Alcohol, mean (SD), mL/day

10.5 (25.7)

12.1 (22.6)

0.08

10.0 (18.2)

11.1 (18.4)

0.10

Physical activity, mean (SD), total intensity score

346.3 (287.1)

350.0 (274.7)

0.72

331.2 (273.3)

348.6 (276.1)

0.09

BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2

28.8 (7.1)

28.5 (6.2)

0.20

29.5 (7.5)

29.3 (6.5)

0.32

SBP, mean (SD), mmHg

113.6 (15.4)

112.3 (13.6)

0.001

116.8 (15.4)

116.4 (14.9)

0.53

DBP, mean (SD), mmHg

74.7 (11.9)

74.1 (10.8)

0.14

73.3 (11.6)

72.7 (11.2)

0.17

Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL

184.0 (35.9)

186.4 (35.5)

0.07

184.7 (34.6)

188.3 (36.1)

0.007

HDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL

50.9 (14.7)

50.1 (14.1)

0.10

54.6 (16.6)

53.2 (16.7)

0.03

Triglycerides, mean (SD), mg/dL

103.2 (92.5)

110.9 (93.4)

0.02

105.9 (72.6)

119.0 (95.4)

0.0001

Glucose, mean (SD), mg/dL

86.8 (21.9)

86.3 (18.4)

0.42

98.1 (27.4)

97.9 (23.8)

0.89

Waist circumference, mean (SD), cm

89.5 (16.0)

89.5 (13.9)

0.94

91.8 (15.9)

92.2 (14.6)

0.48

Metabolic syndrome

 Prevalence, n (%)

426 (16.8)

164 (15.9)

0.53

625 (24.7)

253 (26.5)

0.28

 Severity score, median (IQR)

1 (0, 2)

1 (0, 2)

 

1 (0, 2)

1 (0, 3)

 

  0 components, n (%)

942 (37.0)

366 (35.5)

 

757 (30.0)

278 (29.1)

 

  1 component, n (%)

678 (26.7)

307 (29.8)

 

669 (26.4)

237 (24.8)

 

  2 components, n (%)

498 (19.6)

195 (18.9)

 

482 (19.0)

188 (19.7)

 

  3 components, n (%)

279 (11.0)

108 (10.5)

 

334 (13.2)

146 (15.3)

 

  4 components, n (%)

115 (4.5)

49 (4.8)

 

219 (8.7)

78 (8.2)

 

  5 components, n (%)

32 (1.3)

7 (0.7)

0.33

72 (2.8)

29 (3.0)

0.63

  1. aStudy sample characteristics were measured at years 15 and 20 of CARDIA, respectively
  2. bDNA methylation age as predicted by Horvath’s method
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Clinical Epigenetics

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