Fig. 1

Hierarchical clustering of DMCs. The methylation degree values from MC-seq, applying independent t test (p < 0.05) and a fold-change criterion (|delta _ average of methyl degree| ≥ 0.3 in DS versus normal) produced a set of 4,439 DMCs. The p values were corrected using the Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) method to control false positive results from multiple testing. The methylation degree values for these DMCs were subjected to hierarchical clustering. Biological samples are on the x-axis and DMCs are on the y-axis with strong methylation indicated by the red color and weak or absent methylation by the blue color. N, normal, D, Down syndrome