Table 4 Longitudinal associations of dietary intake of vitamin B₁₂ with global and domain-specific cognitive decline

MMSE

B (95%CI)

− 0.30 (− 0.43, − 0.16)

− 0.21 (− 0.34, − 0.08)

Ref

0.32 (0.17, 0.46)

P value

< 0.001*

0.002*

Ref

< 0.001*

MoCA

B (95%CI)

− 0.56 (− 0.77, − 0.36)

− 0.49 (− 0.69, − 0.29)

Ref

0.38 (0.16, 0.60)

P value

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

Ref

0.001*

AVLT-IR

B (95%CI)

− 0.65 (− 0.97, − 0.33)

− 0.60 (− 0.92, − 0.27)

Ref

− 0.01 (− 0.35, 0.35)

P value

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

Ref

0.987

AVLT-SR

B (95%CI)

− 0.30 (− 0.46, − 0.14)

− 0.08 (− 0.24, 0.09)

Ref

− 0.04 (− 0.21, 0.14)

P value

< 0.001*

0.352

Ref

0.687

AVLT-LR

B (95%CI)

− 0.32 (− 0.49, − 0.14)

− 0.11 (− 0.29, 0.07)

Ref

0.01 (− 0.19, 0.20)

P value

< 0.001*

0.231

Ref

0.957

SDMT

B (95%CI)

− 1.78 (− 2.47, − 1.09)

− 1.22 (− 1.89, − 0.55)

Ref

1.17 (− 0.43, 1.92)

P value

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

Ref

0.272

LMT

B (95%CI)

− 0.70 (− 1.14, − 0.26)

− 0.69 (− 1.12, − 0.27)

Ref

0.17 (− 0.30, 0.64)

P value

0.002*

0.001*

Ref

0.483

DSF

B (95%CI)

− 0.13 (− 0.22, − 0.03)

0.01 (− 0.08, 0.09)

Ref

− 0.08 (− 0.18, 0.02)

P value

0.007*

0.893

Ref

0.117

DSB

B (95%CI)

− 0.11 (− 0.20, − 0.03)

− 0.11 (− 0.19, − 0.03)

Ref

0.03 (− 0.06, 0.12)

P value

0.007*

0.008*

Ref

0.487