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Table 2 Early changes in methylation patterns and associated clinical variables

From: Longitudinal variation in human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat methylation in individuals on suppressive antiretroviral therapy

 

Short-Term ART group (30 months)

p valuea

Short-term ART group (42 months)

p valueb

p valuec

Long-term ART group

CpG methylation Index

0 (0–58.4)

0.005

74.7 (0–85.3)

0.273

0.025

77.9 (70.8–86.7)

Additional CpG methylation Indexd

0.8 (0–21.0)

0.155

27.0 (4.3–45.1)

0.163

0.074

20.0 (13.8–20.0)

Non–CpG methylation Indexe

1.3 (0–9.5)

0.388

0 (0–0)

0.332

0.093

0 (0–2.2)

Residual pVL (RNA copies/mL)

1.4 (0–3.6)

0.737

3.4 (0–7.1)

0.305

0.176

0.4 (0–2.9)

Proviral load (DNA copies/million CD4+ T cells)

14146 (517–29277)

0.526

3638 (228–10216)

0.260

0.005

9780 (4 057–13716)

Naive CD4+ T cells (%)

25.2 (20.6–52.6)

0.944

29.1 (18.3–49.1)

0.888

0.114

39.4 (11.2–45.4)

Memory CD4+ T cells (%)

74.8 (47.4–79.4)

0.944

70.9 (50.9–81.7)

0.888

0.114

60.6 (54.6–88.8)

 TSCM (%)

5.6 (3.0–6.9)

0.049

4.2 (2.9–7.1)

0.035

0.508

9.4 (5.7–15.9)

 TCM (%)

23.2 (15.3–31.2)

0.673

21.7 (12.7–33.0)

0.439

0.169

23.8 (19.5–40.9)

 TEM (%)

12.5 (2.1–20.4)

0.398

10.1 (3.2–12.5)

0.205

0.333

6.3 (4.8–9.3)

 TTM (%)

15.0 (11.3–25.4)

0.091

13.8 (11.4–31.5)

0.049

0.799

8.3 (4.5–16.6)

 TNEW (%)

1.1 (0.6–1.5)

0.003

2.5 (1.6–3.6)

0.526

0.005

2.0 (1.5–3.9)

TTE (%)

2.3 (0.3–11.1)

0.181

5.0 (1.2–9.8)

0.944

0.285

4.8 (2.7–7.8)

  1. In all cases, medians (interquartile ranges) are shown. Significant p values (p < 0.05) are shown in italic
  2. ART antiretroviral therapy, pVL plasma viral load, TSCM stem cell memory T cells, TCM central memory T cells, TEM effector memory T cells, TTM transitional memory T cells, TNEW T new, TTE terminally differentiated effector T cells
  3. aShort-term ART group (30 months) vs. long-term ART group
  4. bShort-term ART group (42 months) vs. long-term ART group
  5. cShort-term ART group (30 months) vs. short-term ART group (42 months)
  6. dConsiders methylation of CpG positions not present in the reference HXB2
  7. eConsiders methylation of non-CpG positions only