Fig. 5

Global 5-mC and 5-hmc patterns in the hippocampal DG. a, d Representative pictures of 5-mC staining (a) and 5-hmc staining (d) in the hippocampal DG of TLE patients and controls. Scale bars represent 100 μm. b, e ImageJ quantification of the integrated density of 5-mc staining (b) and 5-hmc staining (e). Error bars show SEM. c, f Stereological quantification of the area expressing 5-mC staining (c) and 5-hmc staining (f). Error bars show CE. n = 3–7 per group. *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001 for significant difference to CTRL. ^††p < 0.01 and ^†††p < 0.001 for significant difference to HS⁻ group. ^¥¥p < 0.01 for significant difference to HS⁺. CTRL = control; HS⁻ = TLE without HS; HS⁺ = TLE with HS; HS⁺FS⁺ = TLE with HS and FS