Table 1 Detail on the studies reviewed. This table describes features of the studies described in this review, including the first author’s surname, study location, detail on cohorts, volunteer number, sample types collected, and study details. NA not applicable, ND not determined, NR not reported, LINE long interspersed nuclear element, LUR land use regression. For additional details on the studies reviewed, please see Additional file 1: Table S1
From: Air pollution and DNA methylation: effects of exposure in humans
Study Author - Year | Cohorts | Study Location(s) | Number of Volunteers | Average Age (years) | Sample Type(s) | DNAm Analysis | Air Pollution Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In Utero Studies | |||||||
Gruzieva 2017 | MeDALL | Europe | 280 | 0 | Cord Blood | Illumina 450 K | ESCAPE project LUR NO2 data |
Generation R | Netherlands | 809 | 0 | Cord Blood | |||
CHS | USA | 226 | 0 | Cord Blood | |||
MoBa | Norway | 193 | 0 | Cord Blood | |||
BAMSE | Sweden | 733 | 4.4 | Blood | |||
MeDALL | Europe | 444 | 8.2 | Blood | |||
BAMSE EpiGene | Sweden | 342 | 8.3 | Blood | |||
Goodrich 2016 | Mother and Child Environmental | Durban, South Africa | 22 | 26.1 | Cord Blood | Illumina 450 K | NOx exposures from LUR |
Maghbooli 2018 | Low pollution area | Tehran, Iran | 44 | 30.09 | Placenta | HPLC | High and Low Pollution Areas |
High pollution area | 48 | 30 | |||||
Cai 2017 | Normal | Wenzhou, China | 101 | 26.7 | Placenta | Pyrosequencing | PM10 from LUR models |
Fetal Growth Restriction | Wenzhou, China | 80 | 26.7 | ||||
Kingsley 2016 | Rhode Island Child Health Study | Providence, USA | 471 | 30 | Placenta | Illumina 450 K and pyrosequencing | Mothers categorized by distance from highways |
Studies in Children | |||||||
Breton 2016 | Children’s Health Study | California, USA | 459 | 11.2 | Blood | Pyrosequencing | LUR for PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 |
Hew 2015 | NA | Fresno, USA | 171 | 13.7 | Blood T regulatory cells | Pyrosequencing | LUR for PAH |
85 | 15.1 | ||||||
Somineni 2016 | Exposure Sibling Study for discovery | Cincinnati, USA | 70 | 11 | Nasal Brushings (validation in saliva, PBMCs and bronchial epithelial cells) | Illumina 450 K and pyrosequencing | LUR for black carbon |
Pediatric Environmental Exposure Study for replication | Cincinnati, USA | 186 | 12 | ||||
Lovinsky-Desir 2017 | Non-Active | New York, USA | 58 | 12.7 | Buccal swabs (94% squamous epithelial cells) | Pyrosequencing | BC assessed by vest mounted monitors and activity by accelerometer |
Active | 77 | 12.2 | |||||
Studies in Adults | |||||||
Jiang 2014 | NA | Vancouver, Canada | 16 | 56 | Blood | Illumina 450 K | Controlled exposures to diesel exhaust and filtered air |
Bind 2014 | Normative Aging Study (NAS) | Boston, USA | 777 | 72 | Blood | Pyrosequencing | PM2.5, particle number and BC assessed by LUR |
Bind 2015 | Normative Aging Study (NAS) | Boston, USA | 777 | 72 | Blood | Pyrosequencing | PM2.5, particle number and BC from LUR |
Lee 2017 | Normative Aging Study (NAS) | Boston, USA | 92 | ND | Blood | Probably pyrosequencing | BC and sulfate from LUR |
Chi 2016 | Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis | Baltimore, New York, St. Paul, Winston-Salem USA | 1207 | 69.6 | PBMC | Illumina 450 K | PM2.5 and NOx concentrations from spatiotemporal models |
Panni 2016 | KORA F3 | Augsburg, Germany | 500 | 53 | Blood | Illumina 450 K | PM2.5 exposures from LUR models |
KORA F4 | 1799 | 61 | |||||
Normative Aging Study | Boston, USA | 657 | 72 | ||||
Mostafavi 2017 | EPIC Italy Cohort | Italy | 95 | ~ 50 | PBMC | Agilent 4x44K and Ilumina 450 K | NOx estimated with LUR |
Northern Swedish Health and Disease Study Cohort | Northern Sweden | 455 | ~ 50 | PBMC | |||
Plusquin 2017 | EPIC-Italy | Italy | 454 | 54.2 | Blood | Illumina 450 K | PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and NOx from LUR models |
EPIC-Netherlands | Netherlands | 159 | 58.8 | ||||
De F.C. Lichtenfels 2018 | LifeLines | Groningen, Netherlands | 1017 | 47.3 | Blood | Illumina 450 K | NO2, PM10, PM2.5 from LUR models |
Mostafavi 2018 | EXPOsOMICS | Italy, Netherlands, Switzerland, United Kingdom | 157 | 61 | Blood | Illumina 450 K | PM2.5 assessed using backpack sensor, outdoor sensor and LUR model |
Lepeule 2014 | Normative Aging Study (NAS) | Boston, USA | 776 | 72 | Blood | Pyrosequencing | BC, CO, NO2, O3 and PM2.5 were modeled using LUR |
Peng 2016 | Normative Aging Study | Boston, USA | 551 | ~ 76 | Blood | Pyrosequencing | PM2.5 assessed using a hybrid LUR and satelite based model |
Zhong 2017 | NA | Toronto, Canada | 10 | 19–49 | CD4+ Th Cells (~ 96% pure) | Illumina 450 K | Controlled exposures to filtered air and concentrated ambient PM2.5 |
De Nys 2018 | NA | Leuven, Belgium | 23 | 22.3 | Buccal swabs | UPLC - mass spectrometry | PM2.5 and PM10 from LUR |
Clifford 2017 | NA | Vancouver, Canada | 16 | 28.8 | Bronchial brushings (~97% epithelial cells) | Illumina 450 K | Controlled exposures to diesel exhaust and allergen, with filtered air and saline controls |