Table 3 Top 10 differentially methylation regions for 9-month control vs. pooled sequential/simultaneous

chr8:51306070–51306693

SNTG1

Mediates dystrophin binding. Associated with idiopathic scoliosis [49].

3

2.49E− 09

0.0904

chr3:150265617–150265620

SERP1

Protein folding and metabolism. Inhibition can downregulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in keratinocytes [70].

2

4.96E− 06

0.1754

chr3:44636619–44636844

ZNF197

Transcription factor with potential role in skeletal muscle energy metabolism following exercise [71].

2

0.0008

0.3556

chr22:49875144–49875295

C22orf34

Chromosome 22 Open Reading Frame 34, uncharacterized protein.

2

0.0040

0.3980

chr16:1477870–1478718

C16orf91

Chromosome 16 Open Reading Frame 91, uncharacterized protein.

3

0.0001

0.4290

chr19:7813422–7813963

EXOSC3P2

Pseudogene, unknown function.

3

3.81E− 06

0.4426

chr13:101173617–101174420

PCCA

Subunit of mitochondrial enzyme critical to energy metabolism [72].

8

4.01E− 11

0.4572

chr11:1903176–1903333

LSP1

Expressed in immune system cells and may regulate motility and transendothelial migration. Potential marker of hepatocellular carcinoma risk [73].

2

0.0047

0.4611

chr4:185369135–185370076

IRF2

Competitively inhibits the IRF1-mediated transcriptional activation of interferons alpha and beta. Decreased expression associated with angiogenesis and inflammation [43, 44].

3

0.0030

0.4752

chr4:175241684–175241753

CEP44

Centrosomal protein

2

0.0071

0.4980

chr17:72915897–72916509

USH1G

Auditory and visual function development [50].

3

0.0009

0.5005