Fig. 6
From: DNA methylation links prenatal smoking exposure to later life health outcomes in offspring
A mediation model for the association between maternal smoking and offspring disease outcomes. βa represents the effect estimate for smoking on DNA methylation (CpG = maternal smoking + covariates); βb represents the effect estimate for CpG on disease (disease = CpG + covariates); βc represents the direct effect (no mediation) estimate for maternal smoking on disease (disease = maternal smoking + covariates; βc′ represents the total effect estimate on disease (disease = maternal smoking + covariates + CpG)