Early-life exposure to severe famine is associated with higher methylation level in the IGF2 gene and higher total cholesterol in late adulthood: the Genomic Research of the Chinese Famine (GRECF) study

Table 2 Association of exposure to severe famine with lipids among GRECF study participants

		Age- and sex-adjusted model*		P _interaction ^†	Fully adjusted model**		P_interaction§
		Beta ( SE)	P	P _interaction ^†	Beta( SE)	P	P_interaction§
HDL-C	Overall	0.10 (0.05)	0.04	0.17	0.11 (0.05)	0.04	0.30
	Male	0.03 (0.07)	0.63		0.04 (0.07)	0.56
	Female	0.17 (0.07)	0.02		0.15 (0.08)	0.06
LDL-C	Overall	0.55 (0.12)	1.03 × 10⁻⁵	0.55	0.52 (0.12)	3.71 × 10⁻⁵	0.90
	Male	0.47 (0.17)	6.26 × 10⁻³		0.48 (0.17)	5.79 × 10⁻³
	Female	0.62 (0.17)	5.65 × 10⁻⁴		0.53 (0.18)	4.48 × 10⁻³
logTG	Overall	0.12 (0.08)	0.12	0.41	0.10 (0.08)	0.22	0.52
	Male	0.20 (0.12)	0.11		0.16 (0.13)	0.23
	Female	0.04 (0.10)	0.68		0.09 (0.11)	0.42
Total cholesterol	Overall	0.72 (0.13)	1.09 × 10⁻⁷	0.98	0.67 (0.13)	1.28 × 10⁻⁶	0.74
	Male	0.73 (0.19)	2.48 × 10⁻⁴		0.68 (0.20)	1.01 × 10⁻³
	Female	0.71 (0.18)	1.57 × 10⁻⁴		0.63 (0.19)	1.09 × 10⁻³

LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, logTG logarithmically transformed triglycerides, SE standard error
*Adjusted for age and sex among the overall sample; adjusted for age among male and female, respectively
^†Assessed by adding an interaction term, gender × famine severity to the age- and sex-adjusted model among the overall participants
**Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, drinking, and education level among the overall sample
^§Assessed by adding an interaction term, gender × famine severity to the fully adjusted model among the overall participants

ISSN: 1868-7083