Fig. 5

Summary of the genes and their associated processes found to be affected in PCOS due to altered DNA methylation. The figure represents sa preovulatory follicle of women with PCOS, showing a few differentially methylated genes involved in the perpetuation of androgen excess, premature luteolysis, impaired calcium signaling, COC defects, oxidative stress and angiogenic defects in the follicles of women with PCOS as observed in our study. AKR1C3, aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3; CASR, calcium-sensing receptor; COC, cumulus-oophorus complex; FF, follicular fluid; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; FSHR, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor; GC, granulosa cells; IGF1; insulin-like growth factor 1; INS, insulin; MGC, mural granulosa cells; GHRHR, growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor; HAPLN1, hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1; LH, luteinizing hormone; LHCGR, luteinizing hormone chorionic gonadotropin receptor; LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor; MAMLD1, mastermind-like domain containing 1; PTGER1, prostaglandin receptor E1; RETN, resistin; TC, theca cells; TF, transferrin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor alpha