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Table 1 Characteristics of the discovery cohort, Project Viva, and the independent replication cohort, Generation R Study

From: Prenatal maternal antidepressants, anxiety, and depression and offspring DNA methylation: epigenome-wide associations at birth and persistence into early childhood

Characteristics

Discovery cohort Project Viva N = 479

Replication cohort Generation R Study N = 999

Maternal

Mean (SD) or n (%)

 Age, years

32.1 (5.4)

32.2 (4.3)

 Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2

24.7 (5.2)

23.4 (3.9)

 Antidepressant use

14 (2.9%)

14 (1.4%)

 High anxiety

40 (9.0%)a

56 (5.8%)b

 Depression mid-pregnancy

33 (8.2%)a

31 (3.2%)b

 Race/ethnicity

 

Non-Hispanic White

341 (71.2%)

Dutch

931 (93.2%)

 

Non-Hispanic Black

56 (11.7%)

Non-Dutch Western

63 (6.3%)

 

Hispanic

37 (7.7%)

Non-western

5 (0.5%)

 

Other

45 (9.4%)

–

 

 College graduate or more education

317 (66.2%)

669 (67.0%)

 Smoking status

 

Never

327 (68.3%)

Never during pregnancy

772 (77.3%)

 

Former

100 (20.9%)

Quit when pregnancy was known

93 (9.3%)

 

During pregnancy

52 (10.9%)

Continued during pregnancy

134 (13.4%)

Perinatal/infant

Mean (SD) or n (%)

 Cesarean delivery

79 (16.5%)

103 (10.3%)

 Gestational age at delivery, weeks

39.8 (1.4)

40.2 (1.4)

 Birth weight-for-gestational age, z-score

0.27 (1.0)

0.26 (0.87)c

 Female infant

229 (47.8%)

484 (48.4%)

  1. a34 missing data on maternal anxiety and 77 missing data on maternal depression in Project Viva
  2. b86 missing data on maternal depression and anxiety in the Generation R Study
  3. c1 missing data for birthweight-for-gestational age in Generation R Study