From: The emerging role of epigenetics in human autoimmune disorders
Autoimmune disorder | Epi-drug | Chemical structure | Target specificity | Autoimmune pathways involved | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SLE, SSc, SS |
Azacytidine (5-AZA) FDA approved, 2004 |
![]() | DNMTi |
LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) ITGAL, IL-6, Wnt pathway, SFRP-1, Dickkoft-1, KRT19, cytokeratin-19 protein | [56, 103, 121] |
SLE | Procainamide |
![]() | DNMT1i | CD70, LFA-1, IL-6 | [56, 59] |
SLE | Hydralazine |
![]() | DNMTi | CD70 and other costimulatory proteins | [56, 59] |
SLE, T1D | Trichostatin A (TSA) |
![]() | Pan HDACi |
Acid nuclear transport proteins, cytoskeleton proteins, IFN-γ production, transcription activity of Tbx21 in T lymphocytes | [67, 159] |
SLE |
Vorinostat (SAHA) FDA approved, 2006 |
![]() | Pan HDACi | Acid nuclear transport proteins, cytoskeleton proteins | [67] |
RA | Givinostat (ITF2357) |
![]() |
Pan HDACi | Arthritic components, T cells | [86] |
RA | Largazole |
![]() | Class I HDACi | ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MMP2, TNFα, p38, AKT pathway | [89] |
RA |
Romidepsin (FK228, Depsipeptide) FDA approved, 2009 |
![]() |
Class I HDACi | TNFα, IL-1β, p16LNK4a, p21 (WAF1/Cip1) | [84] |
RA | MI192 |
![]() | HDAC2/3 inhibitor | IL6 | [81] |