From: The emerging role of epigenetics in human autoimmune disorders
Systemic autoimmune diseases | |||||
 Disease | Organ | Autoantigens | Mechanism of damage | Worldwide prevalence (%) | Ref. |
 Rheumatoid arthritis | Joints, lung, heart, etc. | IgG, filaggrin, fibrin etc. | T cell in joint/antibody | 0.8 | |
 Systemic lupus | Skin, joints, kidneys, brain, lungs, heart, others | Nuclear antigens (DNA, histones, ribonucleoproteins), others | Antibody | 0.1 | |
 Polymyositis/dermatomyositis | Skeletal muscle (predominant), lungs, heart, joints, others | Muscle antigens, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, other nuclear antigens | T cell/antibody | < 0.01 | |
 Systemic sclerosis | Lungs, river, kidneys, heart, skin, etc. | Dermal fibroblast antigens, fibrillarin-1, metalloproteinases, etc. | Antibody | 0.3 | |
 Sjogren’s syndrome | Connective tissue, salivary gland, lungs, bowel, etc. | Nuclear antigens, carbonic anhydrase I (CA-I), profiling | T cell/Antibody | 0.1–0.6 | |
Organ-specific autoimmune diseases | |||||
 Disease | Organ | Autoantigens | Mechanism of damage | Prevalence (%) | Ref. |
 Thyroiditis (autoimmune) | Thyroid | Thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase | T cell/antibody | 1.0–2.0 | |
 Gastritis | Stomach | H+/K+ ATPase, intrinsic factor | T cell/antibody | 1–2 in > 60 years old | |
 Celiac disease | Small bowel | Transglutaminase | T cell/antibody | 0.2–1.1 | |
 Graves’ disease | Thyroid | Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor | Antibody | 0.2–1.1 | |
 Vitiligo | Melanocytes | Tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-2 | T cell/antibody | 0.4 | |
 Type 1 diabetes | Pancreas β cells | Insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase | T cell | 0.2–0.4 | |
 Multiple sclerosis | Brain, spinal cord | Myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein | T cell | 0.01–0.15 | |
 Hepatitis (autoimmune) | Liver | Hepatocyte antigens (cytochrome P450) | T cell/antibody | < 0.01 | |
 Myasthenia gravis | Muscle | Acetylcholine receptor | Antibody | < 0.01 | |
 Primary biliary cirrhosis | Liver bile ducts | 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes | T cell/antibody | < 0.01 | |
 Pemphigus | Skin | Desmogleins | Antibody | < 0.01–> 3.0 |